【摘要】 大力发展电动汽车是能源电力绿色转型的重要途径之一。电动汽车作为一种具备储能功能的移动式电力负载,具有负荷和电源双重属性,如何设计其参与电力市场的商业模式以高效消纳可再生能源,是实现能源电力绿色转型面临的极具挑战性的技术难题。鉴于此,分析了电力市场环境下可再生能源与电动汽车的出力关系,探索了电动汽车自身特性,设计了电动汽车参与电力市场的基本架构;进一步从电网、售电公司、虚拟电厂三个角度分析并提出了电动汽车参与电力市场的商业模式;最后选取某典型城市场景对三种商业模式进行了经济性对比分析,仿真结果表明提出的方法能够鼓励电动汽车积极参与电力市场交易,利用电动汽车充放电缓解风、光发电波动对电网造成的冲击,同时有利于提升可再生能源消纳能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 The vigorous development of electric vehicles(EVs) has become an important component of the "green" energy and power transformation in China. As mobile power loads with energy storage capability, EVs have dual attributes of load and power, and the design of an appropriate business model for EV participation in an electricity market that efficiently absorbs renewable energy is a challenging technical problem. To address this question, this paper analyses the relationship between renewable energy and the output of EVs in the electricity market, explores the characteristics of EVs, designs a basic framework of EV participation in the electricity market, and analyses the participation of EVs in the electricity market from three perspectives: the operator of a power grid, an electricity retailer, and the operator of a virtual power plant. A typical urban scenario in China is selected for a comparative economic analysis of the three business models. The simulation results show that the proposed method can encourage EVs to participate actively in electricity market transactions, and EV charging and discharging can mitigate the impact of wind and photovoltaic fluctuations on the power grid. Thus, this study offers important insight that can be leveraged to improve the capacity of renewable energy absorption.更多还原