【摘要】 从1949年《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》规定取缔投机商业,到2008年国务院废止《投机倒把行政处罚暂行条例》,我国的投机倒把取缔制度贯穿了计划经济、有计划商品经济和市场经济体制的各个阶段,成为国家以政策和法律治理经济活动的重要载体。在计划经济时代,投机倒把取缔制度保证了经济计划的实施,解决了商品短缺的矛盾,也有效地应对了各种新生的有损经济秩序的行为。从投机倒把取缔制度到非法经营罪的变迁和经济法体系的发展可以看出,一方面,制度的兴衰更替与我国经济体制从计划经济到有计划商品经济并最终发展成为社会主义市场经济相适应,反映了计划严格控制、计划与市场双轨制以及市场在资源配置中起决定作用等不同原则下经济主体行为自由的不断扩大;另一方面,逐渐放弃以政策为核心的社会治理模式、以群众运动为主体的制度实施方式,进而以法律文本为基本依据、法律程序为实施方式并不断追求良法善治,经济活动的治理模式从投机倒把取缔制度向社会主义市场经济法律体系的转变,不仅与经济体制的变迁相关,更为重要的是直接取决于党和国家全面依法治国基本方略的确立。投机倒把取缔制度的建立、发展与废止以及被非法经营罪所替代这一变迁过程,不仅反映与记载了我国经济治理从政策治理到法律治理的转变,也表明了其计划体制保障功能的消亡与经济秩序兜底保护功能的强化。在全面依法治国和深化改革的时代背景下,我国市场经济立法应从中吸取有益的经验与教训。更多还原

【Abstract】 In 1949,the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference promulgated the Common Program to ban speculative businesses,and this remained in effect until 2008 when the State Council annulled the Provisional Regulations on the Administrative Punishment for Speculation and Profiteering.Speculation and profiteering,however,never became completely disappearing throughout the entire Chinese planned economy,the era of commodity economy and the market economy,and at every stage was an important reflection of political and legal administration and governance of economic activity.With its appearance,development,the ban on it,the abolishment of the ban and reappearance as illegal business operation,this changing process shows not only the transformation of Chinese economic administration and regulation from policy-based governance to law-based administration,but also the replacement of the guaranteeing people’s life of the planned economic with the safeguarding of the entire economic order.Useful experiences and lessons should be drawn from this historic change to improve the law safeguarding the present market economy.更多还原