【摘要】 为了了解在长期不同施肥处理下改良设施土壤的同时,设施土壤中重金属的含量与污染状况,本文以长期定位施肥的设施土壤（建于2009年）为供试土样,研究了不同施肥处理对设施土壤中重金属（Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn）积累的影响,并对其进行重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价。结果表明,不同施肥处理下,土壤中除Cd以外的其他5种重金属在土壤中的含量均未达到污染水平。Cd、Cr、Zn在鸡粪、秸秆、K₂SO₄、生石灰与复合肥共同施入时积累速率最大,Cu、Ni、Pb在鸡粪、秸秆与复合肥同时施入时积累速率最大。目前,Cd仅在CK处理下无污染,其他处理均产生污染,其中在鸡粪、秸秆、K₂SO₄、生石灰与复合肥5者共同施入时污染最严重,且20年后污染将加剧。同时该处理下的土壤Zn将于近20年后超标,造成污染。该处理下土壤的综合污染状况也最为严重。而不同施肥处理均可增加土壤重金属生态风险,其中5者同时施入时生态风险最强。研究表明,鸡粪、秸秆、K₂SO₄、生石灰与复合肥不同组合的长期施入可导致设施土壤重金属不同程度的积累,产生污染,增加其生态风险。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to understand the content and pollution status of heavy metals in greenhouse soil while improving it under different longterm fertilization treatments, this study used fertilized greenhouse soil that was established in 2009 to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on the accumulation of heavy metals（Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn）in the soil. An assessment of heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risk was also conducted. The results showed that of all the heavy metals, Cd was present under all the treatments and caused pollution. The exception was CK. The pollution was most severe when chicken manure, straw, K₂ SO₄, lime and compound fertilizer were applied together, causing comprehensive soil pollution and ecological risk. The accumulation rate of Cd, Cr and Zn was highest when five kinds of fertilizers were applied together. The highest accumulation rate of Cu, Ni and Pb was shown when chicken manure, straw and compound fertilizer were applied together. The soil was polluted with Zn after nearly 20 years when five kinds of fertilizers were applied together, and substantial soil pollution and ecological risk of Cd would increase in the next 20 years. The long-term application of different combinations of five kinds of fertilizers can lead to the accumulation of, and pollution by, heavy metals. This will simultaneously increase ecological risk.更多还原