【摘要】 呼伦贝尔草原是世界四大草原之一,近年来由于煤炭资源的大量开采,造成局部地区地面塌陷,土壤质量随之下降,草原生态环境退化。根据生态地质学的相关理论和方法,通过调查呼伦贝尔某煤矿塌陷区附近不同类型土地的植被地下生境中不同层片的养分运移、植物根群结构和植物群落特征,将不同层片的土壤肥力测试结果与植物根系生长情况进行对比,总结并分析不同区域土壤的质量以及植物根系在各层片的发育特点与分布规律,提出草原区土地复垦的最佳覆土厚度和植被恢复的生态意义。研究结果表明:原生草原区、地面塌陷裂缝区、地面塌陷治理区和草原耕地区的植物根系、土壤肥力分布具有近似的规律性,肥分含量从表层土壤到深层土壤逐渐减少;地面塌陷治理区肥分含量基本恢复到背景值,但植物种类单一,根系主功能区稍浅,有机质和速效钾流失严重,植物群落发生了演替。为了在开采矿产资源的同时有效保护呼伦贝尔大草原,必须做好土地复垦和植被恢复工作,复垦时尽可能保证所种植植物的根系结构完整,覆土厚度应达到60cm。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Hulun Buir Prairie is one of the four largest prairies in the world.In recent years,due to the massive exploitation of coal mines,land subsidence has occurred in some areas,soil quality has declined,and prairie ecological environment has deteriorated.Based on the relevant theories and methods of ecological geology,this paper investigates the nutrient transport,plant root structure and plant community characteristics of different layers in the below-ground habitat of different types of land near the subsidence of a coal mine in Hulun Buir,and then compares the soil fertility results with the growth of plant roots of different layers soil,and analyzes the characteristics and distribution of soil quality and the roots at various levels of different types of land.On this basis,the paper proposes the optimal soil thickness and the ecological significance of vegetation restoration for land reclamation in prairies.The results show that the distribution of plant roots and fertility in the primary environmental region,subsidence area,reclamation area and farmland are similar,and root number and fertility content gradually decrease from surface to deep soil;fertilizer content in subsidence control area is basically restored to the background value,but the plant species are single,the main function area of root system is slightly shallow,the loss of organic matter and available potassium is serious,and the plant community has succession.Through investigation and analysis,in order to effectively protect the Hulun Buir Prairie while exploiting mineral resources,it is necessary to do a good job in land reclamation and vegetation restoration work,including ensuring that the root structure of the plant is complete,and the thickness of soil cover should reach 60 cm.更多还原