【摘要】 近年来,北方农宅采暖能耗逐渐增大,且灶炕采暖方式所造成的颗粒物空气污染愈加严重。因此,优化农宅能源利用效率、探寻农宅主要能源漏洞、降低室内空气颗粒物污染是急需解决的问题。本文根据现场实测数据分析了北方某农宅在灶炕采暖时的热量利用效率与流动路径,以及柴灶燃烧所产生的颗粒物扩散路径与浓度分布。研究结果表明农宅得热主要来源于火炕、直接受益窗与室内人员,比例分别为52.9%、34.1%与12%;农宅热损失主要由墙体、冷风渗透与窗户引起,比例分别为51.8%、40.8%与7.4%;农宅中燃烧产生的颗粒物由炉灶口逐渐扩散到厨房整体空间,然后扩散到卧室,整体扩散过程约为5～10 min。此外,本文通过对比灶炕使用不同燃料（煤、生物质颗粒、木柴、玉米秸秆）的环境影响,结果表明炉灶使用生物质颗粒不仅有效降低排烟中的CO、NO、NO_x、SO₂气体污染物浓度,而且能减少气体不完全燃烧热损失和排烟热损失。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, the heating energy consumption of rural houses has gradually increased, and the air pollution caused by the heating method of the stoves has become more serious. Therefore, it is urgent to optimize the energy utilization efficiency, explore the main energy loopholes, and reduce indoor air pollution of rural houses. Based on the field measurement data, this paper analyzes the heat utilization efficiency and heat transfer, as well as the diffusion path and concentration distribution of the particles produced by stove in rural houses. The research results show that the heating of rural house mainly comes from kang, windows and indoor personnel, the proportion is 52.9%, 34.1% and 12% respectively; the heat loss of rural house is mainly caused by wall, air infiltration and windows, the proportion is 51.8%, 40.8% and 7.4% respectively; the particulate matter produced by the burning gradually spreads from the stove to the overall space of the kitchen and then diffuses into the bedroom. The overall diffusion process is about 5 min～10 min. This paper compares the environmental impacts of different fuels（coal, biomass pellets, firewood, corn stalks）. The results show that the use of biomass particles in the stove not only effectively reduces the concentration of CO, NO, NO_x and SO₂ pollutants in the smoke exhaust, but also reduces the heat loss of the incomplete combustion of the gas and the heat loss of the exhaust gas.更多还原