【摘要】 公共教育投入与国民收入差异的关系是关乎社会稳定和持续发展的重大问题。基于世界银行数据库和世界收入不平等数据库,选取国民收入差异、公共教育投入规模、公共教育投入结构、区域经济发展现状、区域经济发展速度五个指标,考察公共教育投入对国民收入差异的具体影响。研究发现:公共教育投入确实影响着国民收入差异;公共教育投入规模和公共教育投入结构对国民收入差异的总体作用效果方向和强度虽然相似,但上述两因素对于国民收入差异的具体影响存在差异;影响现期国民收入差异的最主要因素依次为前期的国民收入差异、公共教育投入规模、区域经济发展现状、公共教育投入结构和区域经济发展速度。更多还原

【Abstract】 The relationship between public education investment and national income difference is the focus of attention from all walks of life. With the continuous development of the global social economy, although the overall living standards of people of all countries have gradually improved, many examples from all over the world show that the difference in income between people continues to expand. The continued development of the above situation will lead to the abnormal operation of the society. The required social mobility is stagnant, so adjusting the income gap between the nationals has become a top priority in today’s society. At the same time, because the world is in the era of knowledge economy with the most emphasis on knowledge, science, technology and creativity, all countries in the world regard human capital theory as an indispensable guarantee for the sustainable development of the country in the current era of knowledge economy. In view of this, this paper attempts to integrate the theoretical and empirical research of management, education and economy, integrate the comprehensive research system of education, economy and management, and explore the impact of education expenditure as a core part of public finance on people’s income.In theory, human capital theory has affirmed the importance of human capital, and education is an important way to accumulate human capital in modern society. According to the theory of human capital, public education can improve the human accumulation of the whole society. It is a common feature of modern society and an important factor affecting income distribution. Social mobility theory is another theoretical foundation. Social mobility refers to the phenomenon of individuals or groups moving between different social groups or within the same social group. There is a strong correlation between public education investment and social mobility. As an effective social structure adjustment mechanism, public education investment can directly affect the direction, quantity and balance of individual flows at all levels of society.After categorizing the relevant research at home and abroad, this paper finds that domestic and foreign researchers believe that educational investments’ improvement in national income inequality is different. Some studies believe that educational investment has a positive effect on national income differences; and some studies believe that its role is not significant; some studies suggest that education investment has a restraining effect on national income difference in the short term, but has a positive effect in the long run. In terms of the research method, most researchers use the indicators of extreme difference, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and other indicators to analyze the income gap, and use the Gini coefficient of education and income or the Taylor index or urban-rural income ratio as the key indicators. Panel data or time series data were studied, and then empirical studies such as regression, variance decomposition, and Granger causality test were performed. In sum, the research on the relationship between public education investment and national income difference is the initial one in China. The relationship between them is comprehensively and meticulously analyzed, clarifying the impact of human capital transmission mechanism on the economy, and clarifying the mechanism and mode of education input in society, thereby strengthening the ability to govern public affairs, improving the performance and quality of public services and achieving public welfare and benefits. The specific research questions are as follows:1. Does public education investment have an impact on national income differences? If so, what is the exactly status of the impact? 2. Is the impact of public education investment on national income differences the most important compared to other influencing factors?Based on the World Bank Database and the World Income Inequality Database, this study selects five indicators--national income difference, the scale of public education investment, the structure of public education investment, the status of regional economic development and speed of regional economic development, to explore the specific impact of public education investment on national income difference. The results show that the public education investment does affect the national income difference. The overall effects of the scale of public education investment and structure of public education investment on the national income difference are similar, but the specific influences of the above two factors on the national income difference are different. The main factors affecting the current national income difference are the national income difference in the previous period, the scale of public education investment, the status of regional economic development, the structure of public education investment and the speed of regional economic development.To the end, on the basis of the empirical results, this paper also puts forward specific policies and suggestions:(1) to play the role of public education investment factors in the macro-regulation of national income differences,(2) to pay attention to the differential effect of differences of public education investment in national income,(3) grasping the differential effect of public education investment on national income differences in different periods.更多还原