【摘要】 推导罐体内液体晃动的弹簧-质量-阻尼等效力学模型,以研究危险品罐车内液体横向晃动问题。首先,用势流理论建立液体自由晃动的运动方程,基于等效力学模型建立给液体施加正弦波横向激励的运动方程,对比两种方法罐体受到的力和力矩,获得固定液体高度、晃动液体高度、固定液体质量和晃动液体质量4个参数值;其次,用线性波理论求解液体晃动的固有频率,得到晃动液体的弹簧刚度;然后,通过实验获得晃动液体的阻尼系数;最后,搭建等比缩小试验台验证模型的准确性和有效性。运用等效模型分析具体算例,结果表明,充液比与横向激励均干扰罐内液体的自由流动。高阶的液体晃动固有频率数值越大,而等效刚度和阻尼系数的阶数越高数值越小;充液比为0.85左右时,晃动质量、等效刚度和阻尼系数均最大;罐体受到横向激励越大,罐内液体晃动越剧烈,且应避免充液比在(0.8,1)的工况运输危险品,以防发生危险事故。更多还原

【Abstract】 A spring-mass-damping equivalent model is derived to study horizontal liquid sloshing in the tank. First of all, motion equations of free liquid sloshing were built by potential flow theory, motion equations of applying sinusoidal excitation to the liquid were built based on equivalent system, then comparing the forces and torques obtained by these two methods to acquire stable liquid height, sloshing liquid height, stable liquid mass and sloshing liquid mass. Secondly, liquid sloshing frequency was derived by linear wave theory, so the spring stiffness could be obtained. Then, this paper used experiments to calculate the damping coefficient. Finally, the accuracy and validity of the model in this paper were verified by the scaling test. Based on this equivalent model to analyze concrete examples, the experimental results show that, the stable liquid mass and liquid sloshing frequency all increase with the growth of fill ratio, with the amplitude different only. But the sloshing liquid mass, spring stiffness and damping coefficient all increase firstly and decrease later. The force and torque produced by liquid sloshing on the inner wall of the tank are directly proportional to the lateral excitation of the tank, and the hazardous chemicals should not be transported when filling ratio is between 0.8 and 1, to prevent the occurrence of dangerous accidents.更多还原