【摘要】 目的观察枕髁的形态学特征,并分析其在临床领域的意义。方法 100例结构完整的颅骨标本,观察枕髁的形状并分型,游标卡尺测量其相关解剖学参数。结果 1)枕髁的长度、宽度分别为(左侧)(23.46±2. 78) mm、(12. 90±1. 68) mm;(右侧)(22. 72±2. 54) mm、(13. 16±2. 04) mm;前髁间距(21. 02±2. 72) mm,后髁间距(41. 54±2. 63) mm;髁间角(58. 6±13. 4)°;头围(486. 22±3. 58) mm;枕骨大孔的长度为(34. 45±2.95) mm; 2)枕髁的长度与枕骨大孔的长度呈正相关性[r=0. 368(P=0. 000)(左侧); r=0. 398 (P=0. 000)(右侧)]。枕髁的长度与头围无相关性[r=0. 144(P=0. 073)(左侧); r=0. 118(P=0. 237)(右侧)]。3)枕髁具有8种形态:椭圆形102例(51%); S形18例(9%);肾形26例(13%);三角形12例(6%);双关节面8例(4%);梨形20例(10%); 8字形10例(5%);不规则形4例(2%)。结论枕髁的形态以椭圆形为主。本文测得枕髁重要的形态学参数,不仅加深对于颅颈交界区解剖结构的认识,对该区外科干预也具有一定的指导价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the occipital condyle morphometrically. Methods100 adult dry skulls were used for the study. Several parameters were measured,including the length,width,and distance between the anterior/posterior tips of the occipital condyle. Results 1) The average length and width of the occipital condyle was 23. 46 ± 2. 78 mm,12. 90 ± 1. 68 mm( left) and 22. 72 ± 2. 54 mm,13. 16 ± 2. 04 mm( right),respectively.The average anterior and posterior inter condylar distances were 21. 02 ± 2. 72 mm and 41. 54 ± 2. 63 mm. The average intercondylar angle was 58. 6° ± 13. 4°. The average head circumference was 486. 22 ± 3. 58 mm. 2) There were positive correlations between the lengths of occipital condyle and the foramen magnum( r = 0. 368,P = 0. 000,left);( r = 0. 398,P = 0. 000,right). 3) The shape of the occipital condyles was classified into eight types as following: oval 102 cases( 51%); S-like 18 cases( 9%); kidney-like 26 cases( 13%); triangular 12 cases( 6%); two-portioned 8 cases( 4%); pearlike20 cases( 10%); 8-like 10 cases( 5%) and irregular 4 cases( 2%). Conclusion The most common type was oval( 51%). The occipital condyle may present various shapes,length,width,orientation,which needs a careful radiological analysis before cranial vertebral junction surgeries.更多还原