【摘要】 秦冶铁业由官营与私营两部分组成。官营冶铁业可分为内史与少府两个体系:内史下设地方铁官,主要负责生产农具和工具,由官府分配或出借,也生产一些生活用具,由铁市官出售盈利;少府铁官主要为王室提供铁兵器等。私营冶铁业在秦统一过程中被纳入其手工业体系,促进了秦冶铁业的发展。秦统治者始终保持官营冶铁业的主导地位,对冶铁原料、劳动力、成品和废旧铁器都实行严密的管控。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Qin State Iron Industry consists of two parts:the official-run parts and the private industry.The official iron industry can be divided into two systems:metropolitan chamberlain(neishi 内史) system and Superintendent of the Lesser Treasury(shaofu 少府) system.The former charged local iron officials and were mainly responsible for the production of agricultural tools and instruments,distributed or loaned by the government,and also produced some living utensils,which are sold by the iron city officials.The latter mainly provides iron weapons for the royal family.The private iron and steel industry was included in Qin’s handicraft system during the process of the reunification,which promoted the development of its iron industry.The rulers of Qin had always maintained the dominant position of the official iron industry,and implemented strict control over the raw materials,labor,products and even scrap iron.更多还原