【摘要】 原生动物是一大类动物性单细胞真核生物.其高度特化的细胞结构与生理特征,独具的进化地位以及与环境、资源、人类健康和动物疾病间的密切关系,特别是其兼具的"细胞"与"动物"这个二元性统一体特性,使得以原生动物为模式或对象的研究在以细胞学、遗传学、适应与进化为代表的基础生物学、环境生物学、人类的健康与疾病防治、水产养殖及畜牧业等应用学科均具有十分广泛的科学意义和重要的应用价值.半个多世纪以来,伴随着研究队伍的不断壮大和发展,我国的原生动物学研究从早期经典的分类学、寄生虫学、生态学,逐步拓展到今天全面、深入地涉足涵盖基础与应用生物学各学科分支领域.在最近的几十年中,我国聚焦在海洋纤毛虫的多样性与系统学、表观遗传学、细胞生物学、比较基因组学、以寄生原虫为核心的免疫生物学、病害生物学、以鞭毛虫为核心的进化生物学、以海淡水纤毛虫和阿米巴等为核心的原生动物生态学等方向并取得了全面和长足的进展,许多代表性成果处于该领域国际前沿水平.本文扼要陈述了我国原生动物学各主流团队近年来的工作进展,介绍了该领域当前的研究热点和前沿性科学问题,同时对相关领域未来的发展进行了前瞻性描绘和规划.更多还原

【Abstract】 Protozoa are animal-like unicellular eukaryotes. They are not only cells but also independent organisms, with highly specialized cellular structures, physiological traits and unique phylogenetic positions, as well as strong relationships with the environment, natural resources, and human and animal protozoan parasitic diseases. Because of these characteristics, protozoa have long been considered important models in fundamental biological studies, such as cell biology, genetics, evolution, and applied fields, i.e., environmental biology, protozoan parasitic diseases’ treatment and prevention, as well as agriculture. In the past 50 years, protozoological studies in China, which started from traditional taxonomy, parasitology and ecology, have gradually advanced to most subdisciplines of biology,with systematic and in-depth studies. We have been focusing on and making considerable progress in biodiversity and systematics,epigenetics, cell biology and comparative genomics of marine ciliates, immunology, epidemiology and pathology of parasitic protozoa, evolutionary biology of flagellates and apicalcomplexa, and ecology of ciliated and amoeboid protozoa, with some of the studies leading the research field. This review briefly describes the recent progress in major protozoology laboratories in China,introduces research hotspots and key questions, and provides future research plans.更多还原