【摘要】 随着可穿戴柔性电子设备的发展,具有高能量密度和高功率特性的柔性电化学储能器件受到越来越广泛的关注。这些柔性储能器件主要包括柔性太阳能电池、柔性锂电池和柔性超级电容器等。而柔性电极作为柔性储能设备的核心组件,不仅需要具备基本的机械柔性,还应具有优良的导电性和骨架支撑强度,这样才可以保证储能器件在受到拉伸、弯曲、扭转等形变时电化学性能保持稳定。随着对柔性电极研究的不断深入,碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、碳布、聚合物、金属化合物等具有不同宏观和微观形貌的材料单独或复合作为柔性电极基质的报道大量涌现。基于构成柔性电极的材料和微观结构,本文对构造柔性电极的方式进行了分类介绍,包括层叠结构、编织结构、嫁接结构、泡沫结构等;对电极柔性的定量评估方法进行了归纳总结;最后对柔性电极面临的挑战与未来的发展方向进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of wearable and flexible electronic equipment, the flexible electrochemical energy storage devices with high energy density and high power density have been widely interested and researched in numerous studies. The flexible energy storage devices,mainly include flexible solar batteries,flexible lithium batteries and flexible supercapacitors. As the core components of these devices,flexible electrodes should possess not only basic mechanical flexibility,but also excellent electrical conductivity and superior skeleton supporting strength,so as to ensure the energy storage devices tolerate various deformation such as stretching,bending and twisting and exert their electrochemical performance steadily. As the research goes deep,carbon nanotubes,carbon nanofibers,carbon cloth,polymer,metal compounds and their composites,with different macromorphology and micromorphology,have been reported as flexible matrix for electrodes in a large amount of literature recently. In this review, based on the materials and microstructures, different assembling methods for different microstructures including stacking structure,foam structure,weave structure,grafting structure, etc., for fabricating flexible electrodes, are illustrated. Also the existing methods for quantitatively evaluating the electrode flexibility are summarized. Finally,the major challenges in the future development for the flexible electrodes are illustrated and the prospects are forecast.更多还原