【摘要】 探讨适用于重金属分析的土壤样品处理方法。利用原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb和Zn 5种元素的含量,对电热板、微波和水浴3种消解方法进行比较,结果表明:3种样品预处理方法的检出限、准确度和精密度均满足分析检测要求。其中,电热板法样品消解较彻底,Cu和Pb的测定结果准确,但试剂、时间和人力消耗多,且为敞开式消解,高温及产生的大量酸雾危害环境与健康;微波法为密闭式消解,样品和试剂用量少,耗时短,自动化程度高,消解彻底,安全环保,Mn的测定结果准确,但成本高,不适于大批量样品分析;水浴法为半封闭式消解,简单易行,Ni和Zn的测定结果准确,但消解剂中不含氢氟酸,不适于含有大量硅酸盐样品的处理。更多还原

【Abstract】 The sample pretreatment methods for determining heavy metals in soil were discussed. The content of?ve elements such as Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb and Zn in soil was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, three digestion methods of sample pretreatment such as electric heating plate, microwave and water bath were compared in detail.The results showed that all three methods had low detection limits, high accuracy and precision, which could meet the requirements of analysis. Among them, the electric heating plate digestion method had more thorough sample digestion and good determination results of Cu and Pb. However, by this method, reagent, time and labor consumption were large,it was an open digestion way with high temperature and a lot of acid mist generated, which was harm to the environment and health. The microwave digestion, a closed digestion method, had less sample and reagent dosage, with short time consumption, high degree of automation, thorough digestion, safety and environmental protection, and it had good measurement result of Mn, but its cost was high, and this method did not ?t for large-scale sample analysis. The water bath digestion, a semi-closed digestion method, was simple and easy, and had good determination results of Ni and Zn. However,without hydro?uoric acid in the digestion agent, it was not suitable for analysis of samples with a large amount of silicate.更多还原