【摘要】 随着经济的不断发展,我国环境治理方向已经逐渐向农村环境治理转移,农村污水治理已成为我国当前水环境治理的重点,也是水体水质改善的关键,因此如何选择高效率、低投入的农村污水处理技术已成为研究热点。了解我国农村污水特点、处理现状及问题,通过对农村分散式污水处理技术相关文献的研究,结合前人研究成果以及国内相关的实践工作,对厌氧沼气池、地下土壤渗滤、人工湿地、蚯蚓生态滤池、净化槽、新型一体化处理装置等分散式农村污水处理技术及工程实践进行归纳、总结和分析,简要阐述了各处理技术的优缺点。针对我国农村污水特点及农村污水处理普遍存在的问题,提出了适合农村的分散式污水处理工艺技术。特别针对北方农村温度普遍偏低、污水处理设施运行效果较差、经济发展较慢、缺少资金支持与污水处理经验等特点,对北方农村污水处理工艺技术的选择提出以下建议:(1)污水处理技术的选择应该因地制宜,结合当地地理条件、气候条件、经济条件进行选择;(2)应尽量选取高效率、低投入、抗冲击负荷能力较强、运行管理相对简便的污水处理技术;(3)可结合当地条件对处理工艺改良,实现稳定达标;(4)冬季低温期可采取人工温室等保暖措施,以保证系统能够稳定运行。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous development of economy,the direction of environmental treatment in China has gradually shifted to rural environmental treatment.Rural sewage treatment has become the key of current water environment treatment and water improvement in China,therefore,how to choose high-efficiency and low-input rural sewage treatment technology has become the research hotspot. We know the characteristics of rural sewage and the current situation and problems of sewage treatment in China.By studying the literature and summarizing the relevant practical work in this field,we summarize and analyze the decentralized rural sewage treatment technology and engineering practice,such as anaerobic digester,subsurface soil infiltration,constructed wetland,earthworm biofilter,purification tank and new integrative wastewater treatment equipments,and briefly expounds the advantages and disadvantages of each treatment technology.According to the characteristics and the common problems of rural sewage treatment in China,some decentralized treatment technologies suitable for rural areas are put forward.In particular,in view of the existing problems of sewage treatment in northern rural areas,the following suggestions are put forward for the selection of sewage treatment technology:( 1) The selection of sewage treatment technology should be combined with local geographical,climatic and economic conditions;( 2) It’s better to select the sewage treatment technology with high efficiency,low cost,high resistance to shock loading and simple operation;( 3) The treatment technology can be improved to reach the standard stably;( 4) The greenhouse and other heat preservation measures can be adopted in low temperature period to ensure the system operation stable.更多还原