【摘要】 出口控制是美国与地缘政治对手进行争夺以实现其冷战战略和外交政策目标的重要手段和有效工具,它极大影响了西方同盟内部的关系和世界经济版图,强化了东西方经济对峙,甚至塑造了冷战双方的战略态势。美国学界对美国冷战时期出口控制的研究,大致经历了兴起、发展和冷战后的新开拓三个阶段。围绕出口控制效果、出口控制与西方同盟关系、经济战还是战略禁运和巴统等四个争议较大的问题进行了探讨。美国学界对出口控制的研究拓宽和深化了冷战国际史研究的领域和深度,有助于更全面深刻地理解与认识冷战,但在研究视角、文献资料和研究重点方面还存在一些有待改进的地方。更多还原

【Abstract】 The policy of the export control was a crucial means and an effective tool for the United States to compete with its geopolitical opponents in order to achieve its Cold War strategy and diplomatic goals.This policy has greatly affected the internal relations of the Western alliance and the global economic landscape,strengthened the economic confrontation between the East and the West,and even shaped the strategic situation of the two sides of the Cold War. The American academic research on the policy of the export control of the United States during the Cold War mainly focused on three topics: the initial rise,the vigorous development and the new situation after the Cold War. Four controversial issues will be discussed in this paper,including the effect of the export control policy,the relationship between the export control and the Western alliance, the economic war or the strategic embargo, and Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls( COCOM). The study of the export control policy broadens and deepens the field and depth of the study of the international history of the Cold War,and is beneficial for a more comprehensive and profound understanding of the Cold War.However,the perspective of research,literature and research priorities are still needed to improve.更多还原