【摘要】 【目的】白花鬼针草是一种恶性外来入侵杂草,近年来已侵入农田,对农业生产及生态系统带来严重危害。为筛选防治白花鬼针草的有效除草剂,分析评价了13种常见茎叶处理除草剂对幼苗期和成株期白花鬼针草的防治效果。【方法】采用整株盆栽法,在白花鬼针草幼苗期(2～3对叶期)和成株期(6～7对叶期)分别进行茎叶喷雾处理,每种除草剂设置3个剂量。【结果】供试的13种除草剂中,灭生性除草剂草甘膦、草铵膦和敌草快对幼苗期和成株期的白花鬼针草防效达到100%。选择性除草剂中,麦草畏和辛酰溴苯腈对幼苗期和成株期的白花鬼针草均有较好的防效,三氯吡氧乙酸、乙羧氟草醚和氯吡嘧磺隆在高剂量下对幼苗期的白花鬼针草有较好的防除效果,但对成株期的白花鬼针草防效较差,氯氟吡氧乙酸、乳氟禾草灵、灭草松、二氯吡啶酸、乙氧氟草醚对幼苗期和成株期白花鬼针草防效均较差。【结论】白花鬼针草对多种化学除草剂具有较强的耐药性,生育期对除草剂防除白花鬼针草的效果有较大影响。灭生性除草剂草甘膦、草铵膦、敌草快及选择性除草剂辛酰溴苯腈和麦草畏适用于防除白花鬼针草。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Aim】 Bidens alba is a troublesome invasive weed, which has recently invaded farmland, causing serious harm to agricultural production and natural ecosystems in China. In order to select effective herbicides against B. alba, the activity of 13 post-emergence herbicides on B. alba at seedling and adult stages were evaluated. 【Method】 Herbicides were applied to the plants at seedling(2-3 pairs of leaves) and adult(6-7 pairs of leaves)stages, respectively, with three dosages per herbicide. 【Result】 The three nonselective herbicides, glyphosate, glufosinate-ammonium and diquat, could completely control(100% mortality rate) B. alba at either growth stages. Among the selective herbicides, dicamba and bromoxynil octanoate could effectively control B. alba at seedling and adult stage. When triclopyr, fluoroglycofen and halosulfuron-methyl were used at high doses, they showed relatively good effecton B. alba at seedling stage, but poor against adult B. alba. Fluroxypyr, lactofen, bentazon, clopyralidand oxyfluorfen showed very poor control effect on both seedling and adult plants. 【Conclusion】 B. alba had strong tolerance to various herbicides. Growth stage had a great influence on the reaction of B. albato herbicides. The nonselective(glyphosate, glufosinate-ammonium and diquat) and selective herbicides(dicamba and bromoxynil octanoate) were suitable for controlling B. alba.更多还原