【摘要】 以腐熟油菜秸秆、煤矸石等废弃资源为原料,按煤矸石与腐熟油菜秸秆体积比为2∶8、3∶7、4∶6、5∶5和6∶4的比例配制成5种混合基质,以菜园土为对照(CK),在人工光照室内用盆栽的方法栽培菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L.)、苋菜(Amarantus mangostanus L.)、白菜(Brassica chinensis L.)和生菜(Lactuca sativa L.)4种叶菜类蔬菜,分别于定植后30 d和55 d测定植株体内的叶绿素含量、根系活力、气孔导度及净光合速率,研究腐熟油菜秸秆、煤矸石按不同配方组成的混合基质的理化性质以及栽培在混合基质上的4种蔬菜生理活动特性,评价出混合基质的最佳配方。结果表明,5种混合基质的水气比合理,容重较低,营养丰富,具有较好的理化性状。在混合基质上栽培的4种蔬菜的叶绿素含量、根系活力、气孔导度、净光合速率均显著高于CK,尤其是配比为4∶6的混合基质上生长的蔬菜,除根系活力略低于配比为3∶7的混合基质外,其余3项指标均最高,表明5种混合基质配方以4∶6最优,其次为3∶7。更多还原

【Abstract】 Spinach(Spinacia oleracea L.), amaranth(Amarantus mangostanus L.), Chinese cabbage(Brassica chinensis L.)and lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.) were cultivated in the pot in the biotron, using soilless culture mediums composed of rape straw and decomposed coal gangue. Five culture mediums with the volume ratios of decomposed coal gangue and rape straw of 2∶8,3∶7,4∶6,5∶5 and 6∶4, respectively, were set, and the garden soil was used as control. After 30 and 55 days’ cultivation, the chlorophyll content, root activities, stomatal conductance and the net photosynthetic rate of four vegetables were measured. At the same time, the physicochemical properties of soilless culture mediums, as well as the characteristics of physiological activities of the four vegetable crops growing on different mediums were studied, in order to determine the best soilless culture medium. The results showed that the five soilless culture mediums had good physicochemical properties, with appropriate water-air ratio, lower unit weight, and more nutrition. Compared to the control, the vegetable crops growing on the soilless culture mediums had significantly higher chlorophyll content, root activities, stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate. Especially for the vegetables growing on the soilless culture medium with the volume ratios of decomposed coal gangue and rape straw of 4 ∶6, it showed the highest values on all indicators except for a relative lower root activity than vegetables on the soilless culture medium with the volume ratios of decomposed coal gangue and rape straw of 3∶7. In conclude, the best volume ratios of decomposed coal gangue and rape straw was 4∶6, and the second was 3∶7.更多还原