【摘要】 为进一步明确甘蓝型油菜开花时间的遗传规律,指导早熟品种选育。以晚开花甘蓝型油菜YG-1和早开花甘蓝型油菜72-27-1-2为亲本,杂交构建6世代遗传群体（P₁、P₂、F₁、B₁、B₂和F₂）,分别种植于杨凌和三原两地,记录6世代群体单株开花时间,应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因遗传模型进行遗传分析;借助SSR分子标记技术,利用F₂群体开发与开花时间相关的分子标记。结果表明:开花时间最适遗传模型在杨凌和三原分别为E-0（2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因模型）和E-1（2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型）。杨凌和三原两地分离世代（B₁、B₂和F₂）开花时间的主基因遗传率分别为57.12%,79.44%,66.37%和54.51%,65.43%,43.21%,多基因遗传率分别为33.80%,8.47%,25.62%和25.42%,4.70%,37.65%,环境引起变异为9.73%和23.03%。两地各分离世代（尤其B₂世代）主基因遗传率都明显大于相应多基因遗传率,表明甘蓝型油菜开花时间主要受2对主基因控制,在早期世代对理想开花时间选择有效,同时也要注意多基因和环境因素的影响。获得7个与开花时间位点相关的SSR分子标记,呈显著或极显著相关。标记引物序列在甘蓝型油菜数据库进行比对,BrgMS351和BnGMS148位于A7上,cnu_m157a、BnGMS256-1、BnGMS256-2、BnGMS327和BnGMS370-2位于A9上。表明本研究中控制开花相关的位点可能位于A7和A9上,且可能由2个QTLs共同控制,与数量模型遗传分析开花时间由2对主基因控制结果一致。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to further clarify the inheritance of flowering time of Brassica napus L., and guide the breeding of early maturing varieties, the late flowering YG-1 and the early flowering 72-27-1-2 of Brassica napus L. were used as parents to constructed 6 generations of genetic populations（P₁, P₂, F₁, B₁, B₂ and F₂）, which were planted in Yangling and Sanyuan. The flowering time of individual plants from the 6 populations was recorded, and the genetic analysis was conducted by main gene+polygene genetic model of plant quantitative traits. Based on SSR molecular marker technology, the F₂ population was used to develop the molecular markers related to flowering time of rapeseed. The results showed that the optimal genetic model for flowering time was E-0（2 pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic major gene+additive-dominant-epistatic polygene model） and E-1（2 pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic major gene+additive-dominant polygene model） in Yangling and Sanyuan, respectively. The major gene heritability of flowering time in separating generations B₁, B₂ and F₂ was 57.12%, 79.44% and 66.37% for Yangling, and 54.51%, 65.43% and 43.21% for Sanyuan, respectively. The polygenic heritability was 33.80%, 8.47% and 25.62% for Yangling, and 25.42%, 4.70% and 37.65% for Sanyuan, respectively. The variation caused by environmental factors in Yangling and Sanyuan was 9.73% and 23.03%, respectively. The genetic rates of main genes in the isolating generations（especially B₂ generation） were significantly greater than those of corresponding polygenes, indicating that the flowering time of Brassica napus L. was mainly controlled by two pairs of major genes, which was effective for selection of ideal flowering time in early generations. However the effects of multiple genes and environmental factors should also be considered. Seven SSR molecular markers related to flowering time sites were obtained, their relationships being significant or extremely significant. The labeled primer sequences were blasted in the genome data of Brassica napus, showing that BrgMS351 and BnGMS148 were located on A7, while cnu_m157 a, BnGMS256-1, BnGMS256-2, BnGMS327 and BnGMS370-2 were located on A9. The results suggested that the flowering-related loci might be located on A7 and A9, controlled by two QTLs, which were consistent with the results of genetic analysis of quantitative model that flowering time was controlled by two pairs of major genes.更多还原