【摘要】 为评价丁氟螨酯和络氨铜对土壤环境造成的污染,以赤子爱胜蚓为试验动物,通过急性染毒试验研究2种农药胁迫对蚯蚓体抗氧化酶活性的影响,并比较2种农药的急性毒性效应。结果表明,2种农药对蚯蚓的致死率不同,络氨铜胁迫对蚯蚓的致死效应明显,而丁氟螨酯胁迫对蚯蚓没有表现出明显的致死率。络氨铜染毒24h和48h的蚯蚓半致死浓度分别为31.75mg/L和22.02mg/L,安全浓度为2.901mg/L;络氨铜浓度与蚯蚓致死率存在剂量-效应关系,呈显著正相关(R=0.96,P<0.05)。络氨铜染毒48h时,染毒组蚯蚓超氧化物歧化酶Orgotein(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)活性与对照组之间表现出显著性差异(P <0.05),其中10mg/L时酶活性最大[(81.17±1.56)U/mg],50mg/L时酶活性最低[(27.27±2.30)U/mg];染毒组的过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)活性与对照组之间差异显著(P<0.05),20mg/L时酶活性最大[(7.60±0.40)U/mg],50mg/L时酶活性最低[(2.07±0.18)U/mg]。另外,丁氟螨酯染毒48h时,蚯蚓SOD和POD活性与对照组比较,差异不显著。可见,络氨铜对蚯蚓有一定的致死作用,且影响了蚯蚓的酶活性,对生态环境存在潜在的污染风险,而丁氟螨酯对蚯蚓酶活性和致死率影响很小,具有较高的安全系数。更多还原

【Abstract】 To evaluate the effects of cyflumetofen and cupric-amminium pollution on eco-environment,the study applied Eisenia fetidaas the test organism,cyflumetofen and cupric-amminium as experimental pollutants,and compared the toxic effects of cyflumetofen and cupric-amminium on antioxidative enzyme activities in contaminated earthworms through acute toxicity test.The result showed that lethality rates of earthworms caused by the two pesticides were different.Cupric-amminium had obvious lethal effect on earthworms,while lethal effect was unclear or varied among cyflumetofen-contaminated earthworms.Median lethal concentration of cupric-amminium for earthworms in 24 hwas 31.75 mg/L,22.02 mg/L in 48 h,and the safe concentration was 2.901 mg/L;concentration of cupric-amminium was positively correlated with the lethality of earthworms,having a dose-effect relationship.SOD activity in cupric-amminium-contaminated earthworms varied greatly in 48 h:enzyme activity was the highest[(81.17±1.56)U/mg]when concentration was 10 mg/L,enzyme activity was the lowest[(27.27 ± 2.30)U/mg]when concentration was 50 mg/L[(27.27 ±2.30)U/mg].the two groups were greatly different with each other in POD:enzyme activity was the highest[(7.60 ± 0.40)U/mg]when concentration was 20 mg/L,enzyme activity was the lowest[(2.07 ± 0.18)U/mg]when concentration was 50 mg/L.SOD activity and POD activity raised firstly and then fall down with the increasing of concentration.There was no obvious difference in SOD activity and POD activity between cyflumetofen-contaminated earthworms and the compared group in 48 h.In summary,the use of copper oxime would have a certain impact on the normal physiological metabolism of earthworms and had a lethal effect,thus presenting a certain risk to the ecological environment.However,as a kind of environmentally friendly pesticide,fenflufenac is normal to earthworms.Physiological metabolism basically had no effect,so it had a higher safety factor.更多还原