【摘要】 黑社会性质组织的组织特征主要体现为组织规模、存续时间、层级结构、纪律规约等方面。"人数较多"为组织特征的必要条件而非充分条件。短时期内成员频繁变动的,不符合"骨干成员基本固定"。较之《2018指导意见》《2015座谈会纪要》对存续时间起点的限制规定更加合理。我国黑社会性质组织的结构模式多为刚性层级与授权型层级。违法犯罪活动是黑社会性质组织获取经济利益的主要手段。较之有形暴力,软暴力与组织特征联系更为紧密。非法控制特征对组织特征具有制约与补充作用。行为人因特定纠纷聚集在一起且聚集频率较低,不属于"经常纠集"。恶势力犯罪集团内部开始出现明确分工与安排。黑社会性质组织内部的纪律规约是其区别于恶势力、恶势力犯罪集团的一大特征。更多还原

【Abstract】 The organized characteristics of underworld organizations include scope, duration, structure and discipline. Firstly, "a relatively large number of members" has to be the sufficient condition, rather than necessary condition of the organized characteristics. "Basically fixed core members" excludes the situation in which members change frequently in the short time. Furthermore, comparing with INSTRUCITION 2018, SUMMARY 2015 offers a more reasonable explanation of the starting point for duration. The structure of a underworld organization in China is mainly rigid hierarchy and devolved hierarchy. Most financial resources come from members committing the illegal and criminal events. Soft violence is more closely related to organized characteristics than physical violence. The characteristic of illegal control restricts and supplements the orgnized characteristics. "Frequent gather" excludes the situation in which perpetrators get together because of a specific dispute. There are clear division and arrangement in a crime syndicate. Also, discipline is the most important distinction between underworld organization and evil force or crime syndicate.更多还原