【摘要】 为了明确河西走廊制种玉米叶部侵染性病害分布和病原类型,选取5个制种玉米种植面积较大的连片区域,按照出苗至拔节、小喇叭口至大喇叭口、抽雄至吐丝、灌浆至完熟等4个生长阶段,采取5点取样进行田间系统调查,采集标本进行室内分离、致病性测定和病原种类鉴定。共分离鉴定出51种病原菌,其中真菌43种,细菌2种,病毒6种,侵染引起33种玉米叶部病害。其中,出苗至拔节有23种病原,引起3种玉米病害;小喇叭口至大喇叭口有30种病原,引起26种玉米病害;抽雄至吐丝有25种病原,引起22种玉米病害;灌浆至完熟有18种病原,引起15种玉米病害。尤其是玉米苗枯病有20种病原侵染,是玉米叶部侵染性病害中病原种类最多、最复杂的病害之一。制种玉米从出苗到成熟,叶部侵染性病害病原种类呈单峰状分布,大喇叭口期是制种玉米叶部侵染性病害病原种类数量的高峰期。玉米弯孢菌叶斑病[Curvularia lunata (Wakker)Boed.]、玉米壳针孢斑枯病(Septoria zeicola Stout)、玉米球腔菌叶斑病[Mycosphaerella maydis(Pass.)Link]、玉米细菌性条纹病[Xan-thomonas capestris pv.Holcicola(Elliott)dy]、玉米细菌性叶斑病[Pseudomonas and ropogrnis(E.F.Smith.)Stapp]、黑条矮缩病毒病(Rice black streaked dwarf virus)等6种病害在河西走廊属新记录病害。河西走廊制种玉米叶部侵染性病害发生种类多,病原数量大,且多种病原复合侵染,多种病害叠加出现,造成田间病害症状复杂,识别难度大,流行蔓延迅速,田间诊断十分困难。更多还原

【Abstract】 The aim of this paper was to make sure the distribution of infectious leaf disease and indentified the type of the pathogen of corn seed production of Hexi corridor.Five contiguous larger field of corn seed production were chosen for survey systematically by the method of five point samples collecting.Identification of Pathogenicity and species of pathogen were identified at emergence to jointing stage;small to big bell mouth;tasselingto silking stage and grouting to complete Ripeness stage.Fifty-one pathogenic disease were isolated and identified,including 43 fungal pathogens,two bacterial pathogens and 6 virus pathogens,which caused thirty-three maize leaf diseases.There were 23 pathogens caused 3 Maize disease during emergence to Jointing stage,30 pathogens caused 26 maize disease during small bell mouth to big bell mouth stage,25 pathogens caused 22 maize disease during tasseling to silking stage,and 18 pathogens caused 15 disease during grouting-complete ripeness stage.Seedling blight disease was one of the main infectious leaf diseases of maize,which was caused by more than 20 pathogens.From emergence to complete ripeness,the pathogenic type of infectious maize leaf disease could be illustrated as a single-peak distribution,which reached its peak at big bell mouth period.It was the first report that six diseases such as Curvularia lunata(Wakker)Boed,Septoria zeicola Stout,Mycosphaerella maydis(Pass.)Link,Xan-thomonas capestris pv.Holcicola(Elliott)dy,Pseudomonas and Ropogrnis(E.F.Smith.)Stapp and Rice black streaked dwarf virus in Hexi corridor.The infectious leaf disease of corn seed production of Hexi corridor showed numerous varieties,large number of pathogeny,varieties recombination of pathogen,and superposition of different species,which made complex of disease symptoms and difficult to identification in the field.更多还原