【摘要】 目的分析1971年至2018年期间十堰市流行性脑脊髓膜炎(以下简称"流脑")流行病学特征及2008-2018年健康人群携带脑膜炎奈瑟菌(Nm)变迁趋势。方法用描述流行病学方法分析1971-2018年十堰市流脑流行病学特征,采用Excel分析2008-2018年在十堰市监测工作中收集的健康人群Nm菌株资料。结果 1971-2018年十堰市经历两次流行期均发生在20世纪70至90年代(1976-1979年和1984-1986年),1995-2018年年发病率保持较低水平;1995-2018年流脑的流行病学特征:集中发病时间在12月至次年4月,0～20岁病例占全部病例的88.76%(158/178),10～15岁年龄组病例数最多(n=49),死亡病例集中在15岁以下年龄段人群,发病和死亡病例的男女比例分别为2.12:1(121/57)和3.67:1(11/3),病例主要分布在十堰市郧西县(n=50)、房县(n=44)和竹山县(n=24),占全市病例的66.29%(118/178);发病和死亡病例主要为散居儿童和学生;2008-2018年间,健康人群Nm总带菌阳性率为3.30%,年带菌阳性率范围在1.18%～5.45%,一共分离得到93株Nm菌株,包括B群48株,不可分群29株,C群13株,W群3株。结论十堰市流脑疫情已得到有效控制,发病率维持在较低水平;脑膜炎奈瑟菌流行血清型为B群、C群、W群和不可分群。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis(ECM)from 1971 to 2018 and trend of flora distribution of Neisseria meningitidis(Nm)in healthy population in Shiyan City from 2008 to 2018.Methods The epidemiological characteristics of ECM were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods,and the flora distribution of Nm in healthy population were analyzed by Excel.Results From 1971 to 2018 two Epidemic periods had occurred in Shiyan City from 1970′s to 1990′s(1976-1979 and 1984-1986).The incidence rate remained low from 1995 to now.Epidemiological characteristics of ECM in 1995-2018 showed that the concentrated onset time was from December to April of the next year,cases from 0 to 20 years old accounted for 88.76%(158/178)and the cases in the 10-15 years old group(n=49)accounted most,the deaths were concentrated in the age group below 15 years old,the male to female ratios of morbidity and mortality were 2.12:1(121/57)and 3.67:1(11/3),respectively,the cases were mainly distributed in Yunxi(n=50)and Fang(n=44)and Zhushan County(n=24),accounting for 66.29%(118/178),the incidence and death cases were mainly scattered children and students.From 2008 to 2018,the carrying rate of healthy population was 3.30%,and the annual rate was in the range of 1.18%-5.45%.During this period,93 strains of Nm were isolated,including 48 strains of sreogroup B,29 strains of non-serogroup,and 13 serogroup C,and 3 serogroup W.Conclusion The epidemic situation in Shiyan City had been effectively controlled,and the incidence rate was maintained at a low level,the epidemic serotypes of Nm were serogroup B,C,W and non-groupable.更多还原