【摘要】 随着中国进入转型期和政治过程的开放,越来越多的社会问题需要政府在整体上进行政策回应。这一类政策问题往往面临巨大的时间压力和高的政策复杂性程度,使得中央政府开始利用"顶层设计-地方细则"的模式回应"渐进改革"所无法消解的政策困境。在社会建构和政策设计理论视角下,本文建构了"政策建构政治"模型,以网约车政策过程为例,对"顶层设计-地方细则"的过程进行了分析。"顶层设计-地方细则"模式包括三个阶段。第一阶段,中央政府在利益-意义的丛林中,通过调整目标人群的话语框架,在"锚定"和"区隔"的逻辑之下,建构了网约车这一目标人群,从而在利益和话语上调和了多重冲突,在"顶层设计"过程中实现了整体性回应。第二阶段,"顶层设计"产生了非常复杂的"前馈效应",包括话语效应和权力-资源效应,这重构了政策子系统的运作逻辑,建构了多样化的次级政策子系统。第三阶段,"地方细则"的设计内嵌于次级子系统,其围绕地方政府所建构,既受"顶层设计"的约束,也嵌入在地方政策历史以及地方治理情境之中。地方政府可以沿着地方政府所选择的话语框架以及地方政府的权力结构,进行差异化政策设计。最终,顶层设计和地方细则构成了网约车政策领域之内的整体的政策设计。更多还原

【Abstract】 As China experiencing a transformation period, and opening-up of political process, more social problems need government response as whole. These policy issues are confronted with huge time pressures and high policy complexity, make central government use "Top-Level Design-Local Detailed Policies"to respond the governance dilemmas cannot be resolved by "muddling through" strategy. To analyze process and mechanism of "Top-Level Design-Local Detailed Policies",under the perspective of Social Construction and Policy Design, this paper constructs a model of Policy Constructing Politics with the case Online TaxiHailing Service Policy. Top-Level Design-Local Detailed Policies have three stages. Stage one, within the jungle of interest-value, through manipulating target population and discourse framework, by the logics of anchoring and segmentation, central government constructs the target population of online taxi-hailing services, which compromises multi-conflict of interest and discourse, and responses the policy problem as whole. In stage two, top-level design produces complicated feed-back effects, including discourse effects and power-resource effects,which reconstructs the mechanism of policy sub-system. In stage three, the design of local detail policy is embedded in subsystem,which is constructed centre on local government,bounded by Top-Level Design, and embedded in the local policy history and governance situation. Following the discourse framework and power relationship, local government can design variety local policy. Top-Level Design and Local Detailed Policy constitute the overall policy of Online Taxi-Hailing Service policy doctrine ultimately.更多还原