【摘要】 利用"中国干旱气象科学研究计划——我国北方干旱致灾过程及机理"的观测数据,分析塔中站、奈曼站、平凉站和锦州站2015年8—10月及定西站2016年8—10月地表能量通量变化特征。分析发现,不同下垫面辐射均表现出明显的日变化,相对于向下短波辐射和向下长波辐射,不同下垫面反射辐射和向上长波辐射差异更加明显。塔中站反射辐射和向上长波辐射最大,锦州站和平凉站相对较小。净辐射具有明显的日变化特征,和总辐射相位一致,农田净辐射日峰值相对较大。地表反照率3个月平均从大到小依次为塔中站（0. 27）、定西站（0. 19）、锦州站（0. 16）、奈曼站（0. 15）和平凉站（0. 14）。各站点感热通量和潜热通量均为单峰型,其中,奈曼站感热通量峰值最大(276 W·m^-2),平凉站潜热通量峰值最大。定西站和锦州站净辐射分配以感热通量为主,平凉站则以潜热通量为主。更多还原

【Abstract】 The characteristics of surface energy fluxes at Tazhong,Naiman,Pingliang and Jinzhou stations from August to October 2015 and Dingxi station from August to October 2016 were analyzed using observed data obtained from the Drought Meteorology Scientific Research: Mechanism and Disaster Formation Processes of Drought in the North Region of China. Surface radiations over different underlying surface showed significant diurnal variations. Compared to the downward short wave radiation and the downward long wave radiation,the difference between reflected radiation and the upward long wave radiation over different underlying surface was more significant. The reflected radiation and the upward long wave radiation at Tazhong station were the largest,and they were relatively small in Jinzhou station and Pingliang station. Net radiation had significant diurnal variation characteristics. The phase of net radiation and the total radiation was consistent,and the diurnal peak value of net radiation over farmland was larger. The average surface albedo of three months was the largest at Tazhong station （0. 27）,and then at Dingxi station （0. 19）,Jinzhou station （0. 16）,Naiman station （0. 15） and Pingliang station （0. 14）. The sensible heat flux and latent heat flux at 5 stations were single-peak type. The peak value (276 W·m^-2) of sensible heat at Naiman station was the largest,and the peak value of latent heat flux at Pingliang station was the largest. The energy dissipation at Dingxi station and Jinzhou station was mainly sensible heat flux,and it was mainly latent heat flux at Pingliang station.更多还原