【摘要】 【目的】获得华北地区日光温室冬春茬番茄优质高产滴灌灌溉制度。【方法】采用田间试验的方法,布置了7个不同土壤基质势阈值的试验,在番茄开花坐果期和结果期分别控制滴头正下方20 cm深度土壤基质势阈值在-15kPa和-15 kPa(S1)、-15 kPa和-30 kPa(S2)、-15 kPa和-45 kPa(S3)、-25 kPa和-25 kPa(S4)、-30 kPa和-15 kPa(S5)、-30 kPa和-30 kPa(S6)以及-30 kPa和-45 kPa(S7),研究了番茄生育期内土壤基质势动态调控对番茄生长、果实品质、耗水量和水分利用效率等的影响。【结果】在试验控制的土壤基质势范围内,①在番茄开花坐果期,番茄株高和茎粗均随土壤基质势阈值的升高而增加,进入结果期后不同土壤基质势处理下的番茄株高差异不明显,但茎粗仍随着土壤基质势阈值的升高而增加;②开花坐果期不同土壤基质势处理下的叶片SPAD值(相对叶绿素量)无显著差异,但结果期不同处理叶片SPAD值差异明显,表现为开花坐果期土壤基质势阈值高于低处理(S5、S6和S7)的叶片SPAD值;③对于开花坐果期土壤基质势阈值较低的处理,其畸形果率低、果实可溶性固形物量高,并且随着结果期土壤基质势的降低,畸形果率呈降低趋势,果实可溶性固形物量呈升高趋势;④番茄产量随着结果期土壤基质势阈值的降低而升高,-45 kPa处理番茄的产量最高;⑤随着整个生育期土壤基质势阈值的升高,番茄灌水量和耗水量显著增加,灌溉水利用效率和水分利用效率显著降低。【结论】综合考虑番茄产量、果实品质、灌溉水利用效率和水分利用效率等,华北地区日光温室秋冬茬番茄高产优质高水分利用效率的土壤基质势阈值为开花坐果期-30 kPa、结果期-45 kPa。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】Irrigation schedule needs to know the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil moisture in root zone. The objective of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of using matric potential measured at 20 cm below the drip emitter as a proxy for soil moisture in the root zone to schedule irrigation.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse and the model plant was tomato. We compared seven matric potential(SMP)thresholds in that whenever the measured soil matric potential dropped below them, drip irrigation was resumed.The values of the SMP thresholds varied from flowering and fruit-setting stage to fruiting stage, and the seven combinations(flowering and fruit-setting stage/fruiting stage) were-15 kPa/-15 kPa(S1),-15 kPa/-30 kPa(S2),-15 kPa/-45 kPa(S3),-25 kPa/-25 kPa(S4),-30 kPa/-15 kPa(S5),-30 kPa/-30 kPa(S6), and-30 kPa/-45 kPa(S7). In each treatment, we measured growth, fruit quality, water consumption and water use efficiency of the tomato.【Result】Stem diameter increased with SMP threshold at both flowering and fruit-setting stage and fruiting stage, whereas the plant height was only responsive to SMP at flowing and fruit-setting stage. The relative chlorophyll content in leaf(SPAD) did not show significant difference between treatments at flowering and fruit-setting stage but inversely increased with the SMP threshold at fruit setting stage. Decreasing the SMP threshold at flowering and fruit-setting stage could reduce the percentage of defective fruits and increase soluble solids content.Yield increased inversely with SMP threshold at fruit setting stage, peaking when SMP was-45 kPa. Lowering the SMP threshold increased irrigation amount and hence water consumption, thereby decreasing water use efficiency.【Conclusion】Our experimental results suggest that setting the SMP at-30 kPa at the flowering and fruitsetting stage and-45 kPa at the fruiting period appears to be optimal to best balance yield, fruit quality, irrigation water use efficiency and water use efficiency for winter-spring tomato grown in solar greenhouse in North China.更多还原