【摘要】 在20世纪30年代由H.S.Mannherimer首次提出两性表面活性剂的概念。1940年,作为典型的一类两性表面活性剂——甜菜碱,由美国杜邦公司初次研发成功[1]。作为表面活性剂家族中重要成员之一,两性表面活性剂具有双亲水的阴阳离子基团的独特化学结构[2]。因此,与阴离子、阳离子、非离子型表面活性剂相比,它具有其他种类表面活性剂无法媲美的优异性能。如性能温和低刺激,具有良好的抗硬水性、乳化性、分散性、增溶性及亲水性;耐酸耐碱耐盐耐高温;配伍性好;对织物有优异的柔软平滑性及抗静电性;有良好的生物降解性等特点[3]。因此,两性表面活性剂在个人清洁护理品、医药卫生、三次采油、织物助剂以及基础研究等领域均具有非常重要的应用前景[4]。自此,从1950年起,各国越来越重视两性表面活性剂的开发,然而我国,自70年代起才陆续有研究工作者对此类表面活性剂进行研究。虽然近年来对其开发的重视程度越来越大,但是其产量仅占总体产业总量的3%,目前仍不能满足人们对该类性能优异的表面活性剂的需求[5]。因此,为尽快缩小与国际先进水平的差距,对新型的两性表面活性剂的理论研究及合成开发与应用具有重要的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The concept of amphoteric surfactants was first proposed by H.S. Mannherimer in the 1930 s. Betaine, a typical amphoteric surfactant, was first developed by DuPont Company in 1940. As an important member of the surfactant family, amphoteric surfactants have unique chemical structure of hydrophilic anionic and cationic groups[2]. Therefore, compared with anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants, it has excellent properties that other kinds of surfactants can not match. Such as mild and low stimulus, good water resistance, emulsification, dispersibility, solubilization and hydrophilicity; acid, alkali, salt and high temperature resistance; good compatibility; excellent softness, smoothness and antistatic properties of fabrics; good biodegradability and other characteristics[3]. Therefore,amphoteric surfactants have very important application prospects in personal cleaning care products, medical and health care, tertiary oil recovery, fabric auxiliaries and basic research. Since 1950, more and more attention has been paid to the development of amphoteric surfactants in various countries. However, in China,researchers have been studying these surfactants since the 1970 s. Although more and more attention has been paid to its development in recent years, its output only accounts for 3 % of the total industrial output. At present, it still can not meet people’s demand for this kind of surfactant with excellent performance[5]. Therefore, in order to narrow the gap with the international advanced level as soon as possible, it is of great significance to the theoretical research, synthesis, development and application of new amphoteric surfactants.更多还原