【摘要】 为实现梨、桃化肥农药减施增效目标,对福建梨、桃化肥农药施用现状、问题与原因进行全面分析,并提出应对措施。据调查分析结果认为:福建梨、桃园化肥农药用量远高于北方地区和正常生产需求量,纯氮常年用量梨44～56 kg,桃34～44 kg,相当我国北方梨桃产区和的2～3倍;吨果耗氮梨65.0～82.8 kg,桃52.3～67.7 kg,相当于正常生产吨果需用量21.7～26.9倍、10.5～13.5倍;农药使用次数常年达12～16次,667 m~2用药量1.8～2.2 kg,相当于北方的1.5倍以上。造成这一状况的主要原因在于常年气候温暖多雨高湿,养分淋溶挥发严重;品种抗性弱,病虫害发生早而重、为害周期长;有机质肥料施用不足,土壤养分状况不清,病虫害发生规律不明,化肥农药盲目超量超范围使用;专用绿色肥药产品少,肥药减施适用技术不足,技术配套性协同性差。生产上应大力提高土壤有机质含量、普及测土配方施肥与病虫预测预报、提高施肥喷药机械化与智能化、推广化肥农药减施技术与产品。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to achieve the goals of less application and higher efficiency of fertilizer and agrochemical at pear and peach orchards, status, problems and causes of application of fertilizer and agrochemical in Fujian Province were comprehensively analyzed and some corresponding measures were also proposed. Investigation and analysis showed that in Fujian Province the much higher amount of fertilizer and agrochemical were applied than that in northern China and in common production demand. Perennial amount of pure nitrogen for pear and peach in Fujian throughout the year were 44-56 kg and 34-44 kg, respectively, being equal to 2-3 times amount in pear production areas of northern China. Nitrogen consumption per ton of pear fruit and of peach fruit were 65.0-82.8 kg and 52.3-67.7 kg, being equal to 21.7-26.9 times and 10.5-13.5 times amount in common demands, respectively. In Fujian province agrochemical were applied 12-16 times throughout the year and the amount per 667 m~2 was 1.8-2.2 kg, being equal to 1.5 times above in northern China. Excessive application of fertilization and agrochemical were caused by these factors as follows: warm, rainy and high humidity climate led to serious soil nutrient leaching and volatilization; low resistance of fruit varieties led to early and serious occurrence of diseases and pests and long duration of damage; less application of organic fertilizer, unclear status of soil nutrient,unclear occurrence regularity of pests and diseases led to excessive and implicit application of fertilizer and agrochemical and there were scanty special green fertilizer and agrochemical, deficient of application techniques of less fertilizer and agrochemical and poor coordination of techniques. So it were suggested to improve soil organic matter content, Popularize soil testing and formula fertilization and prediction and forecast of diseases and pests and extend application techniques and products of less fertilizer and agrochemical.更多还原