【摘要】 活动构造带工程地质问题是工程地质和岩土工程界长期关注的难点,主要涉及断裂剧烈活动(地震)产生的地表破裂、隧道震害、斜坡地质灾害、非震期活动断裂带隧道应力异常、碎裂岩带大变形,以及活动断裂长期演化过程中对地形地貌、斜坡岩体结构和局部地应力场的影响等。本文简要回顾了国内外活动断裂带工程地质研究从模糊到逐渐清晰的过程,重点梳理总结了地面工程避让活动断裂、隧道工程穿越活动断裂带的稳定性评价、活动断裂带斜坡地质灾害效应等方面的主要进展,结合作者以往研究认为:①不同类型活动断裂的影响带宽度或避让距离有所差异,逆断型地表破裂影响带宽度(D)与垂直位移(H)基本符合线性关系D=10H+16.0m,可据此确定避让距离,走滑型地表破裂的避让距离取15m为宜。②结合复杂艰险山区铁路选线和施工过程,给出了隧道工程穿越活动断裂带的合理角度,以及地震期和非地震期活动断裂带附近的隧道变形破坏特征。③从活动断裂带对地形地貌和岩体结构的影响、断裂剧烈活动(地震)诱发崩塌滑坡灾害、断裂蠕滑作用对斜坡应力场和稳定性的影响、断裂活动为地质灾害链提供大量物源等方面,揭示了活动断裂带地质灾害效应的主要表现形式。综合以上研究进展和存在的问题,提出了今后值得关注的主要研究方向,对于活动构造区工程地质研究和防灾减灾具有指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The engineering geology of active tectonic zone is a difficult problem in engineering geology and geotechnical engineering for a long time. It mainly involves problems of surface rupture, tunnel seismic damage and slope geo-hazards caused by severe earthquakes, and abnormal stress of tunnels, large deformation of jointed rock zone, and the influence of long-term evolution of active fault on terrain landforms, slope rock mass structure and partial geostress field during non-seismic. Research on engineering geology related with active fault zone in domestic and foreign is briefly reviewed from fuzzy to gradually clear. The main progress in the active fault avoidance of surface engineering, the stability prediction and evaluation of tunnel through active fault zone, and geo-hazard effect of active fault zone are summarized. Combining with the authors’ previous research, it is considered that: ①The width of influence zone or avoiding distance is different with the type of active fault, the linear relationship D=10H+16.0 m between the width of influence zone(D) and vertical displacement(H) of reverse-fault surface rupture can be used to determine the avoidance distance, avoidance distance of strike-slip surface rupture should be 15 m. ②According to the railway alignment and construction process in complex and dangerous mountainous areas, it is given that the reasonable angle of tunnel engineering crossing active fault zone and the tunnel deformation and failure characteristics near active fault zone during earthquake and non-earthquake periods. ③The major manifestations of the geohazard effects of active faults zone are revealed in terms of the influence of active fault on terrain landforms, rock mass structure, collapse and landslide hazards induced by violent fault activity(earthquake), the effect of fault creep on slope stress field and stability, and the fact that fault activity provides a large number of material sources for the geohazard chain. Based on the above research progress and existing problems, the main research directions that deserve attention in the future are put forward, which has guiding significance for the research of engineering geological problems and disaster prevention and mitigation in active tectonic zone.更多还原