【摘要】 西方知识人角色的变化与社会生产方式和结构的变化息息相关,在西方社会文明史进程中,知识人的身份特征随社会变迁在三个不同历史时期呈现出不同的景象:前工业化社会的知识人地位是无尚荣耀的,经过文艺复兴和宗教改革洗礼后,知识人以知识为工具,协助打破传统社会枷锁,推动社会向现代化转型;现代社会中,知识人以知识为武器,充当着社会的批判者和专业领域的精英,自觉地成为社会良知的话语捍卫者;20世纪60年代以来,人类社会进入后现代社会,知识人迷失在虚浮的消费世界里,知识武器大权旁落,虽然他们被糖衣炮弹包围着,但依然坚守着自己的道德底线,承担着防患中产阶级社会异化的责任。知识人本身是社会历史发展的积淀,其身份和所处的社会地位是随时代发展而形成的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The change of the role of western intellectuals is related to the changes of social production mode and structure.The identity of intellectuals is different in three different periods in the history of Western social civilization: in pre-industrial society,the intellectuals were most honourable.After the baptism of the Renaissance and the Reformation,they took knowledge as a tool,helps to break the shackles of the old society and promote the transformation to modern society. In modern society,they used knowledge as weapon,acted as critics of society and elites in professional fields,and consciously became the discourse defenders of social conscience. In the postmodern society since the 1960 s,intellectuals have lost in the vain consumer world and lost the control of intellectual weapons.However,although they were surrounded by sugar-coated shells,they adhere to their moral bottom line and assumed the liability to prevent middle class from social alienation.The intellectuals themselves are the accumulation of social and historical developments,their identity and social status are formed as time develops.更多还原