【摘要】 为研究气候变化背景下黑龙江省大豆生产指标体系,利用黑龙江省26个农业气象站1981-2016年的大豆生育期观测资料和同期逐日气象资料,通过统计方法,设定概率分布<80%为适宜指标界限,确定大豆适宜气象指标,包括根据气候特点和农业气象服务需求划分的5个区域和全省大豆关键生育期月适宜气象指标,采用分期播种试验设计,探讨大豆发育期气象适宜指标对大豆品种农艺性状和产量的影响。结果表明:月适宜气温和需水指标月变化趋势相似,7月最高,5月和9月最低,适宜日照时数指标5月最高,9月最低;北部地区月适宜气温指标最低,西部地区月需水指标最高,而东部地区月日照指标普遍低于其它地区;比较大豆各发育阶段适宜指标,适宜气温指标在结荚期最高,开花期和鼓粒期次之,出苗期和成熟期最低;适宜需水指标在开花期最高,鼓粒期次之,出苗期最低;适宜日照指标在成熟期最高,开花期次之,结荚期最低;分期播种试验表明,最满足适宜气象指标的播期,大豆产量最高。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study the index system of soybean production in Heilongjiang provience under the background of climate change, we collected the observational information of soybean growth stages of 26 agrometeorological stations in Heilongjiang province from 1981 to 2016, as well as meteorological data in the corresponding period. By the method of standard normal distribution test, the possibility of less than 80% as the bound of optimal indices were designed. 5 regions were classified in Heilongjiang area by the climate characteristics and requirements to the agrometeorological service. The indices contained monthly optimal indices of 5 regions and optimal indices for critical growth stages of soybean. To understand indices for growth stages, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different sowing date on agronomic traits and yield of soybean. It was concluded that: The changes of monthly optimal temperature and water requirement indices were similar. The indices of monthly optimal temperature and water requirement in July were maximum, and those indices in May and September were minimum. The indices of monthly optimal sunshine hours in May were maximum, and in September were minimum. The indices of monthly optimal temperature were minimum in northern region. The indices of monthly optimal water requirement were maximum in western region. However, the indices of monthly sunshine hours were generally lower than those indices in other regions. Comparison with the indices in different growth stages, the indices of optimal temperature were maximum in podding stage, the next were flowering stage and grain filling stage, and the last were seeding stage and maturing stage. The indices of optimal water requirement were maximum in flowering stage, the following was seed filling stage, and the least was seeding stage. The optimal sunshine hours was the highest at maturing stage, and the lowest at podding stage followed by flowering stage. The results of the experiment indicated that when the meteorological indices of the sowing date accordance with the optimal meteorological indices, the yield of soybean was the highest.更多还原