【摘要】 前苏联解体后,俄罗斯政府开始进行养老金改革,建立起与市场经济相适应的养老保险制度。经过多年的养老金改革,俄罗斯逐步形成了三级养老金体系:国家养老保障、强制养老保险和私人(补充)养老保障。自2014年受西方制裁以来,俄罗斯经济受到了极大的冲击,再加上原有的经济结构问题,俄罗斯的经济形势不容乐观。同时,俄罗斯人口形势十分严峻,人口老龄化问题严重,这些都迫使俄罗斯政府提高退休年龄,从根本上解决养老金问题。2018年10月3日,俄罗斯联邦委员会批准通过了养老金改革新法案,主要内容为提高退休年龄。此次改革温和渐进,在最大程度上达成妥协,同时扩大提前退休人群的范围,加大了社会保障的力度。中国同样进入人口老龄化阶段,相信俄罗斯的这次改革对中国的养老金改革有一定的借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian government began to carry out pension reform and establish an endowment insurance system suitable for the market economy. After years of pension reform, Russia has gradually formed a three-tier pension system: state old-age security, compulsory endowment insurance and private(supplementary) endowment insurance. Since the Western sanctions in 2014, Russian economy has been greatly impacted coupled with the original economic structure, so its economic situation is not optimistic. At the same time,Russia’s serious population situation and aging population force Russian government to raise the retirement age and fundamentally solve pension problem. On October 3, 2018, the Russian Federation Council approved a new pension reform bill, the main content of which is to raise the retirement age. The reform, which is moderate and gradual, has reached a maximum level of compromise, while expanding the scope of the early retirement population and increasing the level of social security. China has also entered the stage of aging population, and this reform of Russia has certain reference significance for China’s pension reform.更多还原