【摘要】 泡沫铝由于具有出色的力学、电学、热力学性能而被人们广泛关注和应用。为了拓展泡沫铝的应用领域,研究者在制备高性能的铝基复合泡沫方面付出了大量的努力。研究表明,通过添加不同种类增强体制备复合泡沫的方法虽然可以提高复合泡沫的强度,但是会引起各种不同的问题。例如,硬质陶瓷颗粒（SiC颗粒、Al₂O₃颗粒等）作为增强体可以提高复合泡沫的抗压强度,但是会增强材料的脆性;纤维和晶须这种二维增强相可以在一定程度上降低增强体带来的脆性,但是仍存在增强体难以均匀分布、处理方法繁琐且界面反应控制较难等问题。因此,无论是泡沫铝还是复合泡沫,都鲜有单独使用的情况,多数情况下是与其他强度较高的部件组合成复合构件使用,例如泡沫铝夹芯板、泡沫铝填充金属薄壁管等复合结构。泡沫铝填充金属薄壁管复合结构是将泡沫铝芯材通过多种方式填入薄壁金属管中并实现二者的有效连接而组成的特殊结构。目前实现填充的方法可分为外加填充法与原位制备法。泡沫铝填充金属薄壁管结构不仅具有优异的吸能特性和阻尼性能,还具有一定的韧性和较高的独立承载能力。作为一种新型的复合结构,泡沫铝填充金属薄壁管在减震吸能、吸声降噪等方面的潜在优势极其引人关注。尤其是泡沫铝填充金属薄壁管复合结构在汽车制造业领域具有的巨大应用潜力和广阔应用前景引起了研究者们的重视。相较于传统的减震吸能结构,泡沫铝填充金属薄壁管在汽车制造业领域中的应用具有三大优势:（1）在不削减车身强度的情况下极大减轻车身的质量,减少汽车的油耗及尾气排放;（2）在受到撞击时依靠自身塑性变形吸收绝大部分碰撞能量并及时将冲击分散到车身主体上,避免局部集中变形过大对车内乘客造成伤害,充分保证车内人员的人身安全;（3）回弹变形很小,可以有效避免事故中人体受到二次伤害。目前复合结构最为常见的应用是作为汽车的保险杠、副车架、前纵梁等防撞吸能部件,在降低生产成本的同时也提高了汽车的安全系数。本文介绍了泡沫铝填充金属管复合结构的主要制备方法和性能特点,阐述了国内外对该种复合结构的研究现状,并对其未来的研究方向进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aluminum foam has been widely used due to its excellent mechanical,electrical and thermodynamic properties. In order to expand the application,researchers have put a lot of effort into the preparation of high-performance composite aluminum foam. Lots of studies have shown that the method of preparing composite foam by adding different kinds of reinforcements can improve the strength of the composite foam,but it will cause various problems. For example,hard ceramic particles( Si C particles,Al2 O3 particles and so on) can improve the compressive strength,but it will cause the problem of brittleness; the two-dimensional reinforcement( such as fiber and whisker) can reduce the brittleness,but there are still many difficulties in uniform distribution and the treatment of reinforcement. Besides that the method is cumbersome and the interface reaction is difficult to control. Therefore,whether aluminum foams or composite foams are rarely used alone. In most cases,aluminum foam is combined with other high-strength components,such as aluminum foam sandwich panels and aluminum foam filled thin-walled metal tubes.The aluminum foam filled thin-walled metal tube composite structure is a special structure that aluminum foam core fills into a thin-walled metal tube through various ways and achieve an effective connection. At present,the met-hod of achieving filling can be divided into external filling method and in-situ preparation method. The aluminum foam filled thin-walled tube structure not only has excellent energy absorption and damping properties,but also has certain toughness and high independent load-carrying capacity. As a new type of composite structure,aluminum foam filled thin-walled metal tube has great potential in shock absorption,noise absorption and reduction. In particular,the aluminum foam filled thinwalled metal tube composite structure has great potential practical value and broad application prospects in the automobile manufacturing industry,which has attracted the attention of researchers. Compared with the traditional shock absorbing structure,the aluminum foam filled thin-walled metal tube has three obvious advantages in the automobile manufacturing industry:( i) greatly reducing the weight of the vehicle body,reducing the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of the automobile without reducing the strength of the vehicle body;( ii) the structure relies on its own plastic deformation can absorb most of the collision energy and disperse the impact on the body of the vehicle to avoid causing excessive local deformation,so that it can fully guarantee the safety of passengers;( iii) the rebound deformation of the structure is low,which can effectively avoid the secondary injury of the human in the accident. At present,the most common composite structure application is used as bumpers,sub-frames,front longitudinal beams and other energy-absorbing components of automobiles,which reduces the production cost and improves the safety factor of automobiles.This paper introduces the main preparation methods and performance characteristics of the aluminum foam filled metal thin-walled tube composite structure,describes the research status of the composite structure at home and abroad and forecasts its future research direction.更多还原