【摘要】 石墨烯由于具有独特的二维结构和奇特的物理性能而受到广泛关注。研究者们发现,石墨烯在自身生长或与其他材料复合的过程中,能够产生各种形态的缺陷和化学官能团等依附位点,这些缺陷态结构对石墨烯及其复合材料的特殊性能和应用起着关键作用。随着对缺陷石墨烯研究的深入,人们对石墨烯的结构缺陷进行了定义,分析了缺陷类型和产生原因,比较了有缺陷和无缺陷石墨烯材料的性能。研究发现,缺陷对石墨烯材料的性能有重要影响,使传统碳材料能够形成更多功能性材料。例如,利用缺陷石墨烯的疏松多孔性构造高性能吸附材料;利用缺陷石墨烯的高导电性构造高效能光电催化剂或电极活性材料;利用缺陷石墨烯大的比表面积使其作为生长基底构造棒状、颗粒状、花状等多层次形貌的复合材料;利用化学或物理手段对缺陷石墨烯进行可调控的功能化修饰,使其他材料借助石墨烯的高载流子迁移率和高导电性来加快其电荷转移,增强电荷的有效传输和光学性能;或者利用与半导体纳米量子点的复合打开缺陷石墨烯的能带结构,使其具有一定的带隙,这能够使石墨烯在电子电路元器件中具有更高的应用价值。石墨烯的结构特性决定着石墨烯复合材料的功能性及其应用,清晰地理解缺陷态结构对石墨烯基材料性能的影响,将有利于合理利用缺陷态对复合材料的形成和预期性能进行有目的的干预,以制备出具有特定性能和应用目标的功能性材料。本文对近年来关于缺陷结构对石墨烯性能影响的研究成果进行了分析和总结,报道了除本征石墨烯之外一些掺杂类石墨烯和石墨烯基复合材料,分析了缺陷态结构为石墨烯基复合材料带来的新特性以及缺陷态所起的作用,以期能对石墨烯缺陷态结构的进一步研究、合理利用并构造缺陷石墨烯提供一定的参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Thanks to the unique two-dimensional structure and novel physical properties,graphene has attracted extensive attention. Researchers havefound that graphene can produce various morphological attachment sites such as defects and chemical functional groups in the process of its own growth or compounding with other materials. These defective structures play a critical role in the special performances and applications of graphene and its composites.With the intensive study of defective graphene,the structural defects of graphene have been defined,the analyses of types and causes of defects,as well as the comparison in properties of graphene materials with and without defects have been carried out. It has been found that defects have an important effect on the performance of graphene materials,so that a variety of functionalities can be imparted to traditional carbon materials. For example,high performance adsorption materials are constructed by utilizing the porous nature of defective graphene. High efficiency photocatalysts or electrode active materials are formed by using high conductivity of defective graphene. Defective graphene with large specific surface area can serve as substrate for the growth of multi-level morphology( rod-like,granular,flower-like) composites. By means of chemical or physical techniques,the defective graphene can be functionally modified,so that with the aid of graphene’s high carrier mobility and high conductivity,other materials can accelerate their charge transfer and enhance their effective charge transmission and optical properties. Moreover,the hybridization of quantum-dots and defective graphene results in an opened band structure with a certain band gap width,which enables graphene to have higher application value in electronic circuit components.The functionality and application of graphene composites are determined by the structural properties of graphene. A clear understanding of the effect of defective structure on the properties of graphene-based materials will be conducive to the rational use of defective state to interfere in the formation and expected properties of composites,so as to prepare functional materials with specific properties and application objectives. In this paper,the research results of effect of defective structure on graphene properties in recent years are analyzed and summarized. Beside intrinsic graphene,some doped graphene and graphene-based composites are reported. The novel properties of graphene-based composites caused by defective structure and the role of defective state are analyzed. It is hoped that this paper can provide some references for further study,rational utilization and construction of defective graphene.更多还原