【摘要】 铜硫化合物由于具有优异的性质一直是研究人员的重点研究对象,其优点在于:(1)铜、硫两种元素储量丰富、价格低廉,对环境的影响很小,生物相容性好;(2)铜硫化合物有合适的直接带隙、等离子激元特性、高的载流子浓度及迁移率;(3)铜硫化合物结构多样、化学计量比丰富。因此,铜硫化合物在很多领域(如光电转换、传感器、电子和光电芯片、医疗等)都发挥着重要的作用。目前,对于铜硫化合物的研究主要集中在通过对结构和形貌的控制实现单一性质的调控,从而优化其特定性能。但是大多数情况下这种调控是随机的,无法根据需要实现较为精确的制备。此外,绝大多数既有的研究都围绕在三维纳米晶,缺乏低维度下对铜硫化合物的研究,这限制了研究者对铜硫化合物性能的探索(因为在低维度下材料可能会展现出更为优异的特性)。与此同时,通过将铜硫化合物与其他材料复合实现性能优异的复合材料也是一大研究热点,但其机理尚有许多不明确的地方。另外,人们对众多非化学计量比铜硫化合物的认识还甚少,如何实现这些非化学计量比铜硫化合物的大面积、高质量可控制备,并探索其结构和性质也是目前需解决的问题。对几种稳定相的形貌控制是目前研究铜硫化合物最成功之处,通过对实验技术的改善及实验参数的探索,实现了各种形貌的可控制备,如纳米棒、纳米颗粒、纳米线、纳米空心球、纳米片、纳米盘、纳米管、纳米薄膜以及其他一些奇特的形状。铜硫化合物基复合材料的研究主要体现在光伏电池、对电极材料和储能材料上,通过将铜硫化合物与其他硫化物、氧化物、氧化石墨烯、二氧化钛、碳材料等复合提高综合性能。近年来,计算材料学也逐渐揭示了一些铜硫化合物独特的能带结构,预测了与能带结构相关的众多性能,使得铜硫化合物显示出更为独特的魅力,但是实验上的验证和探索还需制备高质量的铜硫化合物样品。本文结合了前人研究,对铜硫化合物的结构组成、制备技术、物理特性及实际应用进行系统详尽的归纳,对当前的研究热点进行分析总结及展望,以期为铜硫化合物的研究提供参考和指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 Copper sulfur compounds have always been the research focus owing to their excellent properties,which can be concluded into the following three aspects. Ⅰ.Copper and sulfur are rich in reserves,low in price,exerting little impact on the environment,and showing good biocompatibility.Ⅱ. Copper sulfur compounds are endowed with appropriate direct band gaps,plasmonic properties,high charge carrier concentrations and motilities. Ⅲ.The structural and stoichiometric diversity of copper sulfur compounds enable the fine-tuning of their properties. Accordingly,copper sulfur compounds play a significant role in various fields,such as photoelectric conversion,electronic and optoelectronic chip,medical treatment.Currently,researches on copper sulfur compounds mainly concentrate on tailoring their structure and morphology to realize the control of a single property,so as to optimize their performance for specific purpose. Unfortunately,the tuning processes are random in most cases,precise preparation according to special demand seems hard to achieve. Besides,existing researches primarily focus on the three dimensional nanocrystals,few research pay attention to copper sulfur compounds in low-dimension,despite most materials may exhibit better properties in low-dimension,which hinder the deep exploration of properties of copper sulfur compounds. In addition,it is also a research hot spot to combine copper sulfur compounds with other materials to achieve superior performance,and various Cu_2-xS-based composites have been reported,yet the mechanism still remain confused. Moreover,researchers are still not familiar with non-stoichiometric copper sulfur compounds,therefore,it is an urgent issue to realize controllable preparation of these compounds with large area and high quality,and explore their structures as well as properties.The present research of copper sulfur compounds are highlighted by the morphology control of several stable phases. Various morphologies like nanorods,nanoparticles,nanowires,nanospheres,nanosheets,nanoplates,thin films and other unique morphologies have been achieved via the optimization of experimental technique and parameters,and their size can also be controlled in certain degree. The application research of Cu_2-xS-based composites mainly lies in photoelectric batteries,counter electrode materials and energy storage batteries. The performance of these devices and materials are mainly enhanced by combing Cu_2-xS and other sulfides,oxides,rGO,TiO₂ or carbon materials. In recent years,computational materials science has revealed the idiographic view structure of Cu_2-xS,and some properties related to the band structure have also been predicted,more charming properties of Cu_2-xS remain unexplored. Yet the experimental verification and exploration are premised on the preparation of Cu_2-xS with high quality.In this review,we summarize the existing researches on copper sulfur compounds,giving an expound of their structural configurations,preparation techniques,physical properties and applications. We hope that this review will offer some basic information concerning copper sulfur compounds and believe copper sulfur compounds will play an even bigger role in our real life.更多还原