【摘要】 钛合金材料由于具有高比强度、低弹性模量,优异的韧性、疲劳性能和耐蚀性,已经成为严酷工况环境下油井管和海洋开发工具的热门候选材料。目前国内外很多研究机构和学者都开展了用于油气开发领域的钛合金材料的研究,包括钛合金石油管的可行性、钛合金管材的制备加工、实验室内钛合金性能评价以及钛合金管材的现场应用等方面。然而,我国油气开发环境较为恶劣,油井管在井下服役不但要面临高温高压的挑战,还要经受硫化氢、二氧化碳、高浓度盐水/完井液、单质硫和强酸等腐蚀环境的共同作用,因此我国对油井管的要求高于国外一般水平。此外,钛合金是钛含量大于50%的金属的总称,仅我国国标所列举的不同成分钛合金就多达76种。这些已经标准化的钛合金材料大多用于航空航天、石化炼化、生物医学、船舶以及海洋工程领域,这些应用环境和油气开发环境具有巨大的区别,已有牌号的钛合金能否适用于油气开发工况尚不得而知。国内有关钛合金油井管在硫化氢、二氧化碳、高浓度盐水/完井液、单质硫和强酸环境下服役的研究报道和应用经验都较为缺乏,导致油气开发油井管用钛合金材料在选择和使用上存在风险,为了防止钛合金在应用时出现大的安全事故而造成生命财产的损失,迫切需要结合国内外研究经验对可用于油气开发环境的钛合金材料进行筛选和评价,明确每种钛合金材料的工况适用性和使用极限,以保证其使用的安全可靠性。本文在国外近30年已发表的钛合金油井管相关研究成果和国内钛合金油井管最新研究进展的基础上,总结了油气开发用钛合金油井管选材经验,并对七种典型钛合金材料在油气开发工况下的适用性和使用极限做出了归纳总结,分析了钛合金油井管要真正实现大规模应用面临的问题并展望了前景,以期为油气开发用钛合金材料的选用提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Titanium alloy has become a promising candidate material for oil country tubular goods( OCTG) and offshore components in rigorous service environment,owing to its high specific strength,low density,low elastic modulus,excellent toughness,fatigue and corrosion resistance. Numerous researchers at home and abroad have carried out extensive researches on titanium alloys used for oil and gas exploration,including the feasibility of titanium alloy for oil country tubular goods,the processing technical of titanium alloy pipes,the performance evaluation of titanium alloy in laboratory and the field application.Unfortunately,there exist quite harsh environment for oil and gas exploration in China. The underground oil well pipes not only confronted with challenges of high temperature and high pressure,but also suffered from impacts by hydrogen sulfide,carbon dioxide,high concentration saline/completion fluid,elemental sulfur and strong acid. Consequently,the requirement of oil country tubular goods in China exceeds the general standard of other countries. Besides,titanium alloy is a general term for a family of metal whose titanium content is over 50%,and there are 76 kinds of titanium alloy with various components listed in national standard of China. Most of these standardized titanium alloys are applied in aerospace,petrochemical refining,biomedicine,shipping and marine engineering,whereas,there is huge difference in application environments of the above mentioned fields and oil & gas exploration,whether these titanium alloys can be employed for oil and gas exploration remains unexplained. Moreover,the lack of research results and application experiences of titanium alloy OCTG in service of harsh environment with H2 S,CO2,concentrated brine workover/completion fluids,elemental sulfur and strong acids in China will pose risk in selecting and using of titanium alloy OCTG for oil &gas exploration. For the sake of preventing the loss of life and property caused by large safety accident in the application of titanium alloy,it is urgent to select and evaluate titanium alloy materials which will be used in oil & gas exploration in China according to domestic and foreign research experience,and define the service condition applicability and limit of each titanium alloy material to ensure the safety and reliability.On the basis of the related overseas research achievements of titanium alloy OCTG published in recent 30 years and the latest research results of titanium alloy OCTG in China,this article summarize the latest developments of titanium alloy materials selection for OCTG and oil & gas exploration service condition applicability of seven typical titanium alloys. Finally,the existing problems of the current application about titanium alloy OCTG are pointed out and the future development direction of titanium alloy OCTG is also proposed,providing a reference for the selection of titanium alloy materials for oil & gas exploration.更多还原