【摘要】 品种更新对水稻单产提升、品质改良、抗性提高均具有重要作用。本研究分析了2010—2018年我国黄淮稻区审定水稻品种,结果发现参加北方稻区国家黄淮粳稻品种区域试验并通过审定的品种共48个,其中常规稻47个、杂交稻1个。这些品种以中晚熟少蘖大穗型为主,产量随年度呈显著上升趋势,平均每年提高85.4 kg·hm^-2,穗粒数平均每年提高2.3粒,结实率平均每年提高0.3%。品质分析表明,糙米率、整精米率、直链淀粉含量、碱消值、胶稠度及透明度均表现相对较好,但垩白粒率和垩白度表现较差,且垩白度还随年度呈显著上升趋势,说明垩白度是制约黄淮稻区稻米品质提升的主要因素。黄淮稻区审定品种的稻瘟病抗性较弱,以中抗和中感为主,抗性品种较少。近年来,审定品种的苗叶瘟抗性有所增强,而穗颈瘟抗性却逐渐减弱,稻瘟病抗性育种研究还需进一步加强。更多还原

【Abstract】 Renovation of rice variety plays an important role in improving yield, quality and resistance. In the study,we analyzed the rice varieties approved in Huanghuai rice region of China from 2010 to 2018. The results found that a total of 48 rice varieties participating in the National Huanghuai Japonica Rice Regional Trials in northern China were registered by the Crop Variety Approval Committee, including 47 conventional rice and 1 hybrid rice. These approved varieties were mainly mid-late maturing varieties with less tillering and large panicle. Their yield showed a significant increasing trend, and the average annual increment was 85.4 kg·hm^-2. Their grain number per panicle and seed setting rate increased by 2.3 and 0.3% every year,respectirely. The quality analysis showed that the brown rice rate, head rice rate, amylose content, alkali spreading value, gel consistency and transparency were relatively ideal, while chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree were poor. Furthermore, the chalkiness degree also showed an upward trend annually, indicating that it was the main factor restricting the improvement of rice quality in Huanghuai rice region in China. The approved varieties in Huanghuai rice region were weak in rice blast resistance. Most of them were moderate resistant or moderate sensitive varieties, and varieties reaching the resistance level were few. In recent years, the seedling leaf blast resistance of the approved varieties increased, but the neck blast resistance decreased gradually. It was important to make more efforts to further improve the blast resistance in rice breeding.更多还原