【摘要】 目的分析某尿素企业噪声作业工人职业健康监护情况,为该企业职业卫生管理提供科学依据。方法通过现场调查、作业场所噪声强度检测和职业健康检查,收集职业健康监护资料,将研究对象根据噪声暴露情况分组,以暴露于≥85 d B(A)噪声环境中的作业工人作为观察组,暴露于<85 d B(A)噪声环境中的作业工人作为对照组。将两组的症状、血压、听力损失、噪声危害知晓率和防护用品使用情况进行统计学分析。结果共选取该企业具有代表性的8个噪声作业岗位,其8小时等效声级测量结果有4个岗位噪声强度超过国家职业接触限值85 d B(A)。观察组出现听力下降、耳鸣、头痛和/或头昏、烦躁、睡眠障碍(失眠和/或多梦)、记忆力减退和/或注意力减退的异常率高于对照组,两组差别有统计学意义。观察组血压异常率35.37%高于对照组11.65%,两组差别有统计学意义(χ~2=39.54,P<0.05)。观察组听力损失人数多于对照组,两组差别有统计学意义(χ~2=17.78,P<0.05)。观察组噪声危害知晓率高于对照组,两组差别有统计学意义(χ~2=4.35,P<0.05)。观察组防护用品使用率低于对照组,两组差别有统计学意义(χ~2=7.60,P<0.05)。男性作业工人噪声危害知晓率高于女性作业工人,两组差别有统计学意义(χ~2=6.97,P<0.05),男性作业工人防护用品使用率低于于女性作业工人,两组差别有统计学意义(χ~2=70.87,P<0.05)。结论该尿素企业噪声污染严重,需要职业安全生产监管部门加强监管,督促企业进行工艺改造或技术改造;作业工人噪声防护意识薄弱,需要企业专职或者兼职的职业卫生管理人员对噪声作业人员加强职业卫生教育。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze occupational health monitoring of noise-exposed workers in a urea plant,and to provide scientific basis for theoccupational health management of the urea plant. Methods We collected the occupational health surveillance data by investigation,detected the noise intensity in workplaces and the occupational health examination,and analyzed the data. According to the noise-exposed level,we divided those workers into two groups. The noise intensity under 85 d B( A) were control group. Above or equal to85 d B( A) were observation group. The situation about symptoms,blood pressure,hearing loss,awareness rate of noise hazard and the usage of protective equipment of two groups were statistical analyzed. Results About 8 typical noise stations were selected. By the 8 hours equivalent sound level measuring,noise intensity of 4 posts were exceeded 85 d B( A). The abnormal rate in the observation group of hearing loss,tinnitus,headache/dizziness,dysphoria,sleep disorders( insomnia/dreams),memory impairment/attention abnormality were higher than those in the control group; the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. The abnormal rate of blood pressure in the observation group( 35. 37%) was higher than that in the control group( 11. 65%),the difference between the two groups was statistically significant( χ~2= 39. 54,P < 0. 05). The number of hearing loss in the observation group was more than that in the control group,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant( χ~2= 17. 78,P < 0. 05).The awareness rate of noise hazard in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant( χ~2= 4. 35, P < 0. 05). The use rate of protective articles in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant( χ~2= 7. 60,P<0. 05). The awareness rate of noise hazard of male workers was higher than that of female workers,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant( χ~2= 6. 97,P<0. 05). The use rate of protective supplies for male workers was lower than that of female workers,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant( χ~2= 70. 86,P < 0. 05).Conclusion The noise pollution of the urea plant was serious,occupational safety supervision department needs to strengthen supervision,supervise and urge enterprises to carry out technological transformation or skill reform; the awareness of noise protection among workers was weak, it was needed professional occupational health supervisors to strength the education on the occupational health for them.更多还原