【摘要】 为了从高硅含量的刚玉冶炼烟尘中提取镓,提出一种硫酸与氢氟酸混合酸溶液浸出的方法,并对浸出过程的各项实验参数进行优化。结果显示,当单独使用硫酸作为浸出剂时,刚玉烟尘中镓的浸出率仅为38%。从刚玉烟尘灰的微区成分分析结果中可知,烟尘中的富硅相镓含量较高;这部分镓无法溶入硫酸溶液。氢氟酸的加入对二氧化硅产生侵蚀,从而显著提高了刚玉烟尘灰中镓的浸出率。研究反应时间、温度、氢氟酸浓度和硫酸浓度对镓浸出率的影响。结果表明,在最佳浸出条件下,烟尘中镓的浸出率可达到91%。最佳的浸出参数如下:反应时间4 h、反应温度80°C、混合酸溶液中硫酸浓度1.5 mol/L、氢氟酸浓度6.4 mol/L和液固比5:1 (mL/g)。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to extract gallium from a high-silica-content flue dust generated in corundum production, a mixed acid solution of H₂SO₄ and HF was used for leaching, and test parameters of the leaching process were optimized. Experimental results show that the leaching rate of gallium was only 38% when H₂SO₄ was used as leaching agent. Composition analysis results of micro areas in this corundum flue dust indicate that the content of gallium in silica-enriched phases was high; this portion of gallium was insoluble in H₂SO₄ solution. The leaching rate of gallium increased significantly with addition of HF due to corrosion of silica. Effects of reaction time, temperature, and concentrations of HF and H₂SO₄ on leaching rates of gallium were investigated. The leaching rate of gallium reached 91% when this corundum flue dust was leached in a mixed acid solution of H₂SO₄ and HF for 4 h, at a temperature of 80 °C, with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 5:1（mL/g）. The optimal concentrations of H₂SO₄ and HF in the mixed acid solution were 1.5 and 6.4 mol/L, respectively.更多还原