【摘要】 在地震作用下,外围护填充墙破坏坠落会产生严重的次生灾害。结构层间变形和墙体面外加速度作用是导致填充墙破坏坠落的主要因素。为了研究这两种因素作用下外围护填充墙的破坏和坠落机制,本文设计了一种填充墙拟静力试验。通过将墙体置于不同倾斜角,用重力加速度分量模拟地震时填充墙受到的不同面外加速度。研究不同面外加速度、不同面内层间位移角下墙体的破坏坠落面积比,并给出拟合计算公式。之后,本文针对不同层数的带砌体填充墙框架结构,分别建立其非线性结构分析模型,计算结构每层的加速度、速度和位移时程响应。根据这些结构最大响应,结合试验得到的拟合公式,计算外围护填充墙体不同宽厚比和地震加速度下破坏造成的坠物数量,并计算坠物经平抛运动落地后的分布情况。最后根据坠物数量和坠物分布,估算出地震作用下外围护填充墙破坏坠落导致的伤害风险范围。更多还原

【Abstract】 Earthquake-induced hazard of falling exterior infill walls is disastrous. Structural inter-story deformation and out-of-plane acceleration are the main factors induce damage and falling of infill walls. In order to study the mechanism of damage and falling of the infill walls under these two factors,a pseudo-static test of infill walls was designed in this paper. By placing the wall at different tilt angles,different out-of-plane accelerations of the infill walls during earthquake were simulated by using the acceleration component of gravity. Percentage of damage and falling area of the infill wall under different out-of-plane accelerations and in-plane drift is studied,and the fitting formula is provided. Then,aiming at RC-frame structure with exterior infill wall in different numbers of stories,the models of nonlinear structural analysis are established respectively to calculate the history response of acceleration,velocity and displacement of each floor. According to the maximum response of these structures and the experimental formula obtained from the test,the number of falling debris in different width-thickness ratio of infill wall andseismic acceleration is calculated,and the distribution of the debris after falling in projectile motion is calculated.Finally,according to the number and distribution of falling debris,the range of injury risk caused by damage and falling of the exterior infill walls under the earthquake is estimated.更多还原