【Objective】 Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of representative maize accessions are of importance in breeding practice for the guidance and reference. 【Method】A total of 344 maize inbred lines were selected, including American heterotic group, local germplasm, New germplasm used in maize breeding in China in recent years which were broadly representative. These lines were genotyped by 3 072 SNP markers which were developed by Maize Research Center, BAAFS to reveal the genetic div...