Large carpenter bees( the genus Xylocopa),as an important group of bees( Apidae),are common visitors to flowering plants in tropics and subtropics. Their foraging behavior is characterized by long season of activity,high diversity of foraging plants,tolerance of high temperatures,activity under low illumination levels,and buzz pollination. These traits make them to be attractive pollinators for agricultural pollination in hot climates,especially in greenhouses,night-blooming plants,and some Solanum. In rece...