【摘要】 温度梯度对岩石中的水分蒸发的影响,对控制干旱半干旱地区岩质文物病害的发展非常重要。针对该问题采用室内实验进行昼夜温差条件下莫高窟围岩蒸发规律研究,并将其抽象为湿度可控的理想毛细管系统在温度梯度作用下的蒸发作用模型,用开尔文公式进行理论分析,对实验结果进行验证。研究结果表明:越是干燥地区,越要考虑温度变化对瞬时蒸发强度的影响;控制莫高窟围岩瞬时蒸发强度,必须严格控制环境温差的波动幅度,使其位于0℃~3℃范围内,否则,效果甚微。研究结果可对莫高窟窟内温度环境控制提供指导意见,以期对莫高窟壁画的预防性保护措施的选取提供一定的依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effect of temperature gradient on water evaporation in rock is very important for controlling the development of rock relic disease in arid and semi-arid areas. To solve this problem,the evaporation law of surrounding rock in Mogao Grottoes was studied based on the lab experiments under the condition of diurnal temperature difference. It is abstracted as the evaporation model of an ideal capillary system controlled by humidity under the action of temperature gradient. The theoretical analysis is carried out by using Kelvin’s formula,and the experimental results are verified. The results show that the more drier the area,the more influence of temperature on the instantaneous evaporation intensity should be considered;To control the instantaneous evaporation intensity of surrounding rock of Mogao Grottoes,it is necessary to strictly control the fluctuation range of environmental temperature difference,so it is located in the range of 0 ℃–3 ℃,otherwise,the effect is minimal. The results can provide guidance for temperature environment control and some basis for the selection of preventive protection measures for Mogao Grottoes murals.更多还原