【摘要】 采用空间差异代替时间变化的方法,调查研究云南省腾冲市、楚雄市腾冲红花油茶花朵在野生、半野生状态下的自然变异规律。结果表明,(1)花朵在变异过程中,随着花瓣数量的增多,花冠面积、萼片数量、雌蕊花柱数量也显著增加;相反,花瓣宽、雄蕊长、花柱长数量却显著减小。雄蕊数量与花瓣数量之间的回归模型呈显著二次抛物线关系,即雄蕊数量随着花瓣数量的增加先升后降,当花瓣数量增加到18瓣左右时,花朵雄蕊数量增加到顶峰,随后开始减少。(2)半重瓣花朵是单瓣花朵和重瓣花朵的一个中间过渡花朵,在变异过程中,随着花瓣数量的增多,雄蕊向内逐步转变为花朵内部的花瓣;向外,萼片能转化为花瓣,苞片也能逐渐转变为萼片。(3)重瓣、半重瓣花朵的雌蕊不仅表现出明显的萎缩、花柱多裂、深裂趋势,而且雌蕊长度也明显短于单瓣花朵的雌蕊,雌蕊数量却显著多于单瓣花朵,从而导致重瓣、半重瓣花朵的自然受孕坐果率较低。(4)腾冲红花油茶花朵除红色外,还存在深红色、粉红色、粉红粉白相间、淡粉红色、粉白色5种变异花色。更多还原

【Abstract】 The natural variation of Camellia reticulata flowers in Tengchong City and Chuxiong City in Yunnan Province was studied by using the method of substitution of space for time. The results showed that:( 1) In the variation process of flowers,with the increase of the number of petals,the corolla area,the number of sepals,and the number of pistil styles also increased significantly; on the contrary,the width of petals,stamens,and styles were significantly decreased. The regression model between the number of stamens and the number of petals showed a significant quadratic parabolic relationship,with the increase of the number of petals,the number of stamens raised first and then decreased,when the number of petals increased to about 18 petals,the number of stamens increased to the top,then began to decrease.( 2) The semidouble flower was an intermediate flower with a single flower and a double flower,during the process of mutation,with the increase of the number of petals,the stamen was gradually transformed into a flower inside the flower; outward,the sepals could be transformed into bract,also the bract could be gradually transformed into sepals.( 3) The semidouble flower and a double flower were not only showed obvious atrophy,multi-split,and deep-seated trend,but also the pistil length was shorter than that of the single flower,and the number of pistils was significantly greater than that of single flower. As a result,the rate of natural conception results for double and half double flowers was low.( 4) In addition to red,Camellia reticulata also had five variants of colors,deep red,pink,rose pink,pink and white,and pinkishwhite.更多还原