【摘要】 目的分析广元市学生肺结核发病趋势及流行特征,为进一步推动学校结核病防控工作提供策略。方法采用描述流行病学方法对《中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统》2011-2017年广元市学生肺结核监测数据进行分析,描述全市学生肺结核疫情趋势,时间、地区、人群三间分布特征。结果 2011-2017年广元市学生肺结核年均发病率为52.25/10万,疫情总体呈下降趋势,学生肺结核诊断报告发病主要在3-4月和11-12月;学生病例占全市病例构成呈逐年下降趋势,比例高于全国;发病年龄集中于15~19岁;昭化区是广元报告学生肺结核发病率最高的县区。转诊(57.33%)和因症就诊(41.06%)是广元市学生肺结核病例的主要发现方式,学生肺结核诊断类型中79.99%为菌(-)病例,就诊延迟为63.15%。结论广元市学生肺结核疫情总体呈逐年下降趋势,但形势不容乐观,学校结核病防控工作还须进一步加强。学校应积极开展以肺结核为核心的呼吸道健康教育,落实健康体检、晨检和因病缺课登记等工作,疾控机构应加强学生肺结核的监测预警,指导学校开展肺结核等呼吸道疾病的健康教育,做好病例的追踪调查,建立与教育部门的联动机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the incidence trend and epidemic characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in guangyuan city,so as to provide strategies for further promoting the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools. Methods Description epidemiological method was adopted to analyze the data of tuberculosis monitoring for students in Guangyuan city during 2011-2017 from China Information System for Disease Surveillance. Described the tuberculosis epidemic trends among students in this city,as well as its distribution characteristics of time,region and population. Results From 2011 to 2017,the annual incidence of tuberculosis among students in Guangyuan was 52. 25/105, the overall incidence of tuberculosis was decreasing. Students with tuberculosis were mainly diagnosed and reported in March to April and November to December. The proportion of student cases in the whole city cases is decreasing year by year,which is still higher than that of the whole country. The age of onset was concentrated at 15 to 19 years old. Zhaohua district was the county with the highest incidence of students tuberculosis reported in Guangyuan. Referral( 57. 33%)and clinical consultation( 41. 06%) were the main ways to detect tuberculosis cases among students in Guangyuan. 79. 99% of the tuberculosis diagnosis types from students in Guangyuan city were bacterial(-)cases,63. 15% of their treatment were delayed. Conclusion The prevalence of tuberculosis among students in Guangyuan city is decreasing year by year,but the situation still is not satisfying. The prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools should be further strengthened. Schools should actively carry out health education for respiratory diseases, especially the health education for tuberculosis, it should also implement health examination,morning inspection and registration of absence due to illness. Institutions of disease control and prevention should promote the tuberculosis surveillance and early warning among students,strengthen the guidance of school health education of respiratory diseases such as tuberculosis,follow up the case investigation and establish the linkage mechanism with education department.更多还原