【摘要】 龙凤崇拜作为我国突出的民族文化现象,有着深厚的历史渊源,可以追溯到黄帝之前存在的图腾文化。于其时,本着各自生活的水居与山居的自然环境,华夏与东夷初民分别形成了以"龙""凤"为祖先和灵物的意识,伏羲氏与神农氏皆为感龙而生、濮阳龙图的人骑龙造型等,皆是直接依据。五帝时代黄帝乘龙上天的传说、少皞以凤至为祥瑞的事实,都是继承初民时期发展而来。作为游鱼和飞鸟之首的龙凤,与族群首领的密切联系,说明以龙凤为首领专有图腾的意识也已产生,反映了黄帝之前社会已经形成的阶级分化。图腾最初与食物来源的相关性,不仅阐发了民以食为天的基本生存哲理,还可证龙凤本来就是作为实有动物而存在的。因此,崇龙崇凤既是对出众动物的崇拜,也是对民族祖先的崇拜,还是对山水自然的崇拜,以及权利与功德的崇拜。更多还原

【Abstract】 Worshipping the Dragon and Phoenix, a prominent national cultural phenomenon in China, has a long historical origin and can be traced back to the totem culture which existed before Yellow Emperor was in the throne. In that era, influenced by the natural environment of their respective lives, Huaxia and Dongyi peoples developed to take dragon and phoenix as their ancestors and psychic animals. For example, Fu Xi and Shen Nong were born when their mothers were inspired by dragon, and the picture of one person riding a dragon which was found in Puyang.The legend of Yellow Emperor riding the dragon to the sky, and Shao Hao taking the phoenix to be auspicious, is inherited from the primitive people. Dragons and Phoenix, top of all animals, are in close contact with the leaders of the clans, which illustrates that the totem consciousness was produced and the social class was differentiated before Yellow Emperor reigned. The fact that dragon and phoenix totems were originally related to food not only expounds the basic survival philosophy---hunger breeds discontentment, but also proves they were real animals. Therefore,their worship is to worship animals, ancestors, natural landscape, and rights and virtues.更多还原