【摘要】 目的分析部分公共卫生类期刊文献中实验性研究对照设计常见问题并提出规范建议,为今后的规范运用提供一定参考。方法随机抽取6本公共卫生类期刊杂志,查阅其2014年刊发的所有文献,将其中涉及对照设计的实验性研究分为流行病学实验、动物实验和其他实验研究,总结其对照设计问题类型及特点并提出规范建议。结果流行病学实验研究中对照设计常见问题主要有:对照可比性欠缺、对照样本量不当、对照设置不当、误用自身前后对照和对照信息不完整问题;动物实验研究对照设计常见问题主要有:对照不足、对照不当、误用空白对照和对照组表述问题;其他实验研究对照设计常见问题主要有:对照不足、对照可比性欠缺和对照组表述问题。实验性研究对照设计规范建议为:对照应满足均衡原则、对照组例数与实验组应均衡、对照形式与研究目的应相符、慎用自身前后对照和空白对照、对照组信息应规范完整。结论公共卫生类期刊文献中的对照设计仍存在较多问题,其运用与表述均有待进一步规范和完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To summarize common problems in control designs of experimental studies in partial public health journal literature,so as to provide a reference for its standard utilization. Methods Six public health journals selected through random sampling were investigated all the articles published in 2014. The experimental studies involved in control designs were divided into epidemiological experiments,animal experiments and other experimental studies to sum up the types and characteristics of problems in the control designs and to propose normative recommendations. Results In epidemiological experimental studies,the problems of control designs included poor comparability of control,improper control sample size,inappropriate control,misuses of self-control and incomplete information of control. In animal experimental studies,the problems of control designs were insufficient to control,not appropriate control,misuses of blank control and sub-standard formulation of control. In other experimental studies,the problems of control designs were lack of control,poor comparability of control and sub-standard formulation of control. The control design of experimental study should be based on the principles that the control should meet the balanced principle,the number of controls ought to be balanced with the members in experimental group,the control form must be consistent with the research purpose,cautiously using self-control and blank control and the contents of control should be standardized and complete. Conclusion Many control design problems still exist in the published literature of public health journals,and control design application and expression need to be further standardized and improved.更多还原