【摘要】 目的分析部分公共卫生类期刊文献中观察性研究对照设计常见问题,为今后的规范运用提供一定参考。方法随机抽取6本公共卫生类期刊杂志,查阅其2014年刊发的所有文献,将涉及对照设计的观察性研究分为病例对照和队列研究,系统总结其对照设计问题类型及特点。结果观察性研究文献中共同存在的对照设计常见问题主要表现为:对照代表性或可比性不足、对照纳入排除标准不完整和对照样本量不当。此外,病例对照研究还存在匹配不当和对照设计无法回答研究问题,而队列研究还存在对照类型不明确问题。观察性研究中对照设计规范建议为:对照应满足代表性和可比性原则、对照组样本量应适当、纳入排除标准应描述完整、匹配应适当、对照设计应能回答研究问题、对照类型应指明。结论公共卫生类期刊文献中观察性研究对照设计仍存在较多问题,其运用与表述均有待进一步规范和完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective The aim of this study was to summarize common problems of control design in observational study in some public health journal literatures, in order to provide reference for standardized utilization. Methods Five public health journals were selected through random sampling, and all literatures published in 2014 were investigated. The observational studies involving control design were divided into case-control study and cohort study, in order to systematically summarize the types and characteristics of the problems in the control design. Results The common problems of control design existed in observational studies were poor representation or comparability of control, incompleteness of control inclusion and exclusion criteria and improper control sample size. Besides, in case-control study, the problems of control design also included improper matching and control design can’t answer the research questions. And in cohort study, the problems of control design also included ambiguous control type. The control design of observational study should be based on the requirements that the control should meet the principle of representation and comparability, the number of control group should be proper,the control inclusion and exclusion criteria should be complete, the matching should be proper, the control can answer research questions and the control type should be stated. Conclusion There are still many problems of control design in observational study in some public health journal literatures and its application and expression need to be further standardized and improved.更多还原