【摘要】 目的了解兰州市中小学女生月经初潮的平均年龄,并进一步研究兰州市汉族女生月经初潮与营养状况、体脂含量等之间的关联性,为相关健康政策与措施的制定提供参考。方法依据《全国学生体质与健康调研检测细则》有关抽样原则,采用分层随机整群抽样,抽取兰州市7所中学和4所小学共抽取9~18岁女生1 743名,有效样本1 676例,进行询问调查和体格发育测量,评价其营养状况,采用概率回归法来计算月经初潮的平均年龄。结果调查对象月经初潮发生率为61.28%,城、乡消瘦比例分别为10.71%、13.76%,营养过剩比例分别为12.62%、6.70%,总体营养状况城乡有差异。控制城乡、年龄等因素后,Logistic回归结果显示,消瘦是延缓月经初潮发生的因素;脂肪含量是月经初潮发生的促进因素。结论女生营养状况水平、皮褶厚度与初潮的发生呈正相关,应该提前加强中小学生的健康观与性教育,制定适当的干预措施以减缓月经初潮年龄提前给女生所带来的心理和行为上的危害。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the relationship among nutritional status,body fat and the onset of menarche among pubertal females in Lanzhou city,and to provide basis for interventions of age of menarche. Methods The random stratified and cluster sampling was performed according to the National Student Physical and Health Research Detection Rules,1 743 female students aged 9-18( efficient sample are 1 676) from 7 middle schools and 4 primary schools in Lanzhou were enrolled,and questionnaires and physician examination were offered to them to determine whether they experienced the onset of menarche or not and assess their nutritional status. Results It was found that among the respondents aged 9-18 years,61. 28% had experienced the onset of menarche. 10. 71% and 13. 76% pubertal females were diagnosed as peaked in urban and rural areas,respectively,while 12. 62% and 6. 70% were over nutrition,respectively. After the relevant factors were controlled,logistic regression indicated that Loss of weight was a factor in delaying the onset of menstruation. Fat content was a contributing factor in the occurrence of menarche. Conclusion Nutritional status and skinfold thickness are found to correlate positively with the onset of menarche among the female students. Therefore,the targeted interventional measures should be made to improve their awareness of healthy and sexual education in order to decrease the negative effect that early sexual development brings.更多还原