Optimization of the protocols for induction and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes: a synergistic action between transforming growth factor beta1 and insulin-like growth factor 1
BACKGROUND: Inducing factors are currently used as a main method for the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) into chondrocytes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the collaborative stimulation of transforming growth factor beta1(TGF-β1) and insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) to induce the directed differentiation of BMSCs to chondrocytes, and to explore the best inductive effect. METHODS: Rat BMSCs were isolated, cultured and purified using adherent culture. Then, different inducing factors...