【摘要】 目的分析深圳市空气质量指数（AQI）的时间变化和空间分布特征,为空气污染治理提供科学依据。方法收集覆盖深圳市10个行政区的19个空气质量监测点2014—2016年AQI和首要污染物的日报监测数据,汇总得到监测点小时均值、日均值、季度均值和年均值,采用空间自相关分析研究AQI空间自相关性的强弱与集聚模式。结果研究期间深圳市AQI中位数为50.0,空气质量级别为二级。2014年深圳空气首要污染物以PM_2.5为主,2015年和2016年空气首要污染物以O₃为主;从时间分布看,深圳空气质量呈现"冬劣夏优"的特点,但夜间空气污染程度与白天无差异;空间自相关分析表明,研究期间AQI存在正空间自相关性,AQI全局moran’s I指数为0.167（Z=2.000,P<0.05）,greary系数为0.801（Z=1.711,P<0.05）,光明新区AQI局部moran’s I指数为1.027（P<0.05）。光明新区AQI moran散点图处于第一象限,属于高值-高值分布特点,而盐田区moran散点图处于第三象限,属于低值-低值分布特点。结论深圳市空气质量总体状况较好,PM_2.5和O₃是深圳主要的空气污染物,冬季应重视与加强防控空气污染,尤其在深圳的西北部几个行政区。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of air quality indexes（ AQI） in Shenzhen City and provide scientific basis for control of air pollution. Methods The monitoring data of AQI collected at the 19 monitoring posts in Shenzhen City from 2014 to 2016 were pooled and analyzed,and daily,seasonal and annual means of AQI at each monitoring post were forked out. The theory of spatial autocorrelation analysis was adopted in analyzing strength of the spatial autocorrelation and spatial clustering patterns of AQI. Results The median of AQI of Shenzhen City was50. 0,and the air quality level of Shenzhen City was level 2. PM_{2. 5} was the primary air pollutant in 2014,and O₃ was the primary air pollutant in 2015 and 2016 respectively.From the time distribution,the air quality in Shenzhen City was the worst in the winter but the best in the summer,and the air quality in night was worse than the day. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there was positive spatial autocorrelation of AQI in Shenzhen. The global moran’s I of AQI was 0. 167（ Z = 2. 000,P < 0. 05）,and the greary coefficient was 0. 801（ Z = 1. 711,P < 0. 05）. The local moran’s I of AQI was 1. 027（ P < 0. 05） in Guangming New District. The moran scatter plot of AQI in Guangming New District was in the first quadrant,and appeared to be in a high-high clustering pattern.The moran scatter plot of AQI in Yantian District was in the third quadrant,and appeared to be in a low-low clustering pattern. Conclusion The air quality of Shenzhen City was better. PM_{2. 5} and O₃ were the primary air pollutant. It is necessary to emphasize and strengthen the prevention and control of air pollution in Winter,especially in several administrative districts of the northwest of Shenzhen City.更多还原