【摘要】 目的通过对北京30家加油站167名加油工人的职业环境与职业有关损害的发生情况进行调查,了解加油站职工职业病的现状以及诱发的原因,探讨了相关预防控制策略的可行性。方法采用简单随机抽样的方法抽取北京各城区30所加油站的167名工作人员,收集其2016年的体检资料,临床检测项目包括神经系统症状、皮肤科检查、血糖、血压、心电图、血常规、尿常规、血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、肝脾B超等。体检结果判定按照相关临床标准进行。按照检查结果归纳各个项目异常发生的情况与所占比例。结果在调查的167名工人中共有12名(7.2%)工人报告发现神经系统症状,10名(6.0%)工人存在血常规异常。9名(5.4%)工人检出尿常规异常,3名(1.8%)工人存在血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶ALT异常。其中异常率发生最高的项目为神经系统症状。而其余三项中,在加油员中的血、尿常规异常发生率也显著高于保管员与加油站出纳和会计,其差异具有统计学意义。结论通过此次调查,发现对于加油站工作人员,其面临的主要职业危害为油气中的有机溶剂对机体多个器官与系统所造成的损害,并且损害的发生率因岗位不同而不同。其中加油工人因为经常接触职业暴露,其相关疾病的异常发生率最高,而行政人员因为工作环境的原因,职业有关损害的发生率较低。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the occurrence of occupational environment and occupational-related injury among 167 workers at 30 gas stations in Beijing, to understand the current situation of occupational disease and the causes of it, and to explore the feasibility of prevention and control strategies. Methods 167 workers from 30 gas stations in Beijing were collected by simple random sampling to collect their medical data in 2016. The clinical tests included neurological symptoms, dermatological examination, blood sugar, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, blood, urinary routine, serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT), liver and spleen B ultrasonography. The results of the examination were judged to be in accordance with the relevant clinical standards. According to the results of the inspection, the occurrence and proportion of abnormal items were summarized. Results Of 167 workers surveyed, 12(7.2%) workers reported neurological symptoms and 10(6.0%) workers had abnormal blood patterns. Urinary abnormality was detected in 9(5.4 %) workers and ALT abnormality in serum alanine aminotransferase was found in 3(1.8 %) workers. Among the items with the highest incidence of abnormality wereneurological symptoms. In the other three items, the incidence of abnormal blood and urine routine was significantly higher than that of depositor and gas station cashier and accountant. Conclusion Through this survey, it was found that the main occupational hazards faced by gas station workers were the damage caused by organic solvents in oil and gas to multiple organs and systems, and the incidence of the damage varied from one post to another. Among them, the abnormal incidence of related diseases is highest among refueling workers because of frequent exposure to occupational exposure, while the incidence of occupational-related damage is lower among administrative staff because of the working environment.更多还原